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EMT > Gynecology & Pregnancy Emergency Terminology > Flashcards

Gynecology & Pregnancy Emergency Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

pain during menstruation
- caused by muscular contractions of the myometrium, infection, inflammation
- presence of IUD

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2
Q

what does IUD stand for?

A

intrauterine device

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3
Q

IUD

A

“a contraceptive device fitted inside the uterus and physically preventing the implantation of fertilized ova”

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4
Q

signs of dysmenorrhea

A
  • headache
  • faintness, dizziness, nausea
  • diarrhea
  • backache
  • leg pain
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5
Q

mittelschmerz

A

pain in the right or left lower abdominal quadrant during normal mid-cycle of menstrual period
- pay be due to follicular rupture and bleeding from ovary during menstrual cycle

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6
Q

gravida

A

number of times a women has been pregnant (including current)

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7
Q

para

A

number of live birth (infants born after 20 weeks’ gestation)

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8
Q

gestation

A

“the period of time between conception and birth”

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9
Q

antepartum

A

the maternal period before delivery

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10
Q

intrapartum

A

the maternal period during delivery

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11
Q

postpartum

A

the maternal period after delivery

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12
Q

term

A

a pregnancy that has reached 40 weeks gestation

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13
Q

first stage of labor

A

begins with contractions and ends when the cervix is fully dilated (10 cm)

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14
Q

second stage of labor

A

measured from full dilation to delivery of the newborn

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15
Q

third stage of labor

A

begins with delivery of the baby and ends with placental delivery

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16
Q

precipitous birth

A

onset of labor to birth is less than 3 hours

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17
Q

onset

A

“the first appearance of the signs of an illness”

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18
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy that develops outside of the uterus (fallopian tube or ovary)
- typically found at 8-12 weeks’ gestation

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19
Q

signs of ectopic pregnancy

A
  • vaginal bleeding
  • crampy abdominal pain
  • spotting
  • rigid, stiff, board-like abdomen
  • after rupture, severe abdominal pain, vaginal spotting, internal hemorrhage, sepsis, and shock
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20
Q

spotting

A

“any bleeding from the vagina that is not due to the monthly menstrual cycle”

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21
Q

sepsis

A

“an extreme immune response to infection that can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, or death if not treated right away”

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22
Q

management of ectopic pregnancy

A
  • rapid transport
  • contact ALS
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23
Q

placenta previa

A
  • strongly associated with number of previous C-sections and deliveries
  • most common cause of pre-term bleeding
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24
Q

signs of placenta previa

A

third-trimester pain (aching)
- painless
- bright red bleeding

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25
Q

C-section

A

“surgical procedure that involves cutting into the mother’s abdomen and uterus to deliver the baby”

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26
Q

abruptio placenta

A

“the early separation of placenta from the lining of the uterus before the completion of the second stage of labor”

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27
Q

signs of abruptio placenta

A

third-trimester pain (stabbing)
- painful
- dark red bleeding
- localized uterine tenderness

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28
Q

uterine

A

relating to the uterus

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29
Q

preeclampsia

A

“serious pregnancy complication that involves high bp and other signs of organ damage that occur after 20 weeks of pregnancy”

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30
Q

signs of preeclampsia

A
  • proteinuria (protein/blood in urine)
  • low platelets
  • impaired liver function
  • renal insufficiency
  • pulmonary edema
  • visual or cerebral disturbances
  • severe hypertension: systolic > 160; diastolic > 110
31
Q

management of preeclampsia

A
  • oxygen
  • calm transport
32
Q

what does PRN stand for?

A

pro re nata (“as needed”)

33
Q

eclampsia

A

preeclampsia + seizure

34
Q

signs of eclampsia

A
  • tonic-clinic activity
  • labor can begin suddenly/progress rapidly
35
Q

management of eclampsia

A
  • left lateral recumbent positioning
  • oxygen
  • contact ALS
36
Q

recumbent

A

“the body’s position when it is lying horizontally”

37
Q

postpartum hemorrhage

A

500mL of blood loss after delivery
- occurs within first 24 hours

38
Q

obstetric

A

“a branch that deals with childbirth and with the care of women before, during, and after childbirth”

39
Q

management of postpartum hemorrhage

A
  • fundal massage
  • encourage newborn breastfeeding
  • contact ALS
40
Q

fundal

A

“the part of a hollow organ that is across from, or farthest away from, the organ’s opening”

41
Q

management of trauma during prenancy

A
  • ABC’s first
  • aggressive resuscitation
42
Q

notes

A
  • never transport pregnant patient flat on back after first trimester
43
Q

supine hypotensive syndrome*

A
  • transport on left side
  • if spinally immobilized, …
44
Q

imminent delivery

A
  • regular contractions, 45-60 seconds in length, at 1-2 minute intervals
  • mother has sensation of bowel movement
  • crowning occurs
  • mother believes delivery is imminent
45
Q

if contractions are greater than 5 minutes apart,

A

transport

46
Q

crowning

A

“sign of impending birth that occurs during the second stage of labor when the baby’s head becomes visible in the vaginal opening and is firmly rimmed by the vaginal wall”

47
Q

contractions

A

“when the muscles of your uterus get tight and then relax”

48
Q

APGAR Score*

A

“standardized test used to assess a newborn’s health immediately after birth”
- assign score at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

49
Q

APGAR score of 10

A

best possible condition (unlikely in prehospital setting)

50
Q

APGAR score of 7-9

A

generally normal

51
Q

APGAR score of 4-6

A

moderately depressed

52
Q

APGAR score of 0-3

A

severely depressed

53
Q

APGAR score of < 6

A

likely resuscitation

54
Q

shoulder dystocia

A

fetal shoulders are wedged against symphysis pubis, blocking shoulder delivery

55
Q

symphysis pubis

A

“join that connects the left and right pelvic bones, forming a line down the pelvis”

56
Q

management of shoulder dystocia

A
  • position patient in McRobert’s Maneuver
  • apply gentle pressure to suprapubic area
  • rapid transport
57
Q

suprapubic area

A

“region of the abdomen located below the umbilical region”

58
Q

cephalopelvic disproportion

A

newborn’s head is too large to pass through birth canal

59
Q

McRobert’s Maneuver

A

“sharply flexing mother’s legs towards her abdomen”

60
Q

management of cephalopelvic disproportion

A
  • oxygen administration
  • rapid transport
61
Q

breech presentation

A

largest part of fetus (head) is delivered last
- do not push

62
Q

management of breech presentation

A
  • rapid transport
  • call for assistance
  • oxygen administration
63
Q

umbilical cord prolapse*

A

cord passes through the cervix at same time or in advance of fetus
- cord is compressed against fetus (diminishes fetal oxygenation from placenta)

64
Q

cervix

A

“lower, narrow end of the uterus (womb) that connects the uterus to the vagina
(birth canal)”

65
Q

placenta

A

“organ that forms in the womb, also called the uterus, during pregnancy”
- provides oxygen and nutrients to a developing baby

66
Q

management of umbilical cord prolapse

A

assess for cord pulsation
- if pulsating, wrap with moist sterile dressing and then dry dressing to maintain temp, continue to assess for pulse
- if not pulsating, insert two gloved fingers into vagina and attempt to move baby off of cord, may also place mom in knee chest position; continue methods until cord begins pulsating and follow directions above

67
Q

nuchal cord

A

cord is wrapped around fetus’ neck during delivery

68
Q

management of nuchal cord

A

try to remove the cord from the fetus’ neck during delivery
- if unable, clamp in two places and cut immediately

69
Q

delivery process

A
  • crowning occurs (apply gentle counter pressure to fetus’ head to prevent explosive delivery)
  • observe for nuchal cord with delivery of head
  • grab head with hands over ears to support head as it rotates for shoulder presentation
  • once shoulders deliver, rest of baby delivers very quickly (use dry towel to grasp/support)
  • suction airway (mouth then nose) only if meconium staining is present along with signs of respiratory distress or coarse gurgling
  • dry newborn (record sex and time of brith)
70
Q

meconium staining

A

when meconium (stool) enters the amniotic fluid
- gives fluid greenish, brownish color

71
Q

cutting umbilical cord

A
  • cord should have stopped pulsating
  • clamp cord (if baby does not need resuscitation, allow for 30 seconds to 1 minute after delivery to clamp/cut)
  • clamp 4-6’’ away from the newborn (in two places)
  • cut between the clamps (do not take the clamps off
72
Q

conception

A

“the beginning of pregnancy, marked by fertilization of an egg by a sperm”

73
Q

uterus

A

“a hollow, muscular organ in the female pelvis that develops and nourishes a fetus”

74
Q

fallopian tube

A

“one of two long, slender tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus”

EMT (20 decks)

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