Transport of Gases

Question 1

Total O2 Carrying capacity of blood:

O2 has a solubility in blood of what numerical value?

Answer 1

0.003

Question 2

Calculating the amount of dissolved O2 in blood:

what are the units used when calculating?

Answer 2

mL O2/100mLs blood

Question 3

Calculating the amount of dissolved O2 in blood:

what is the equation to calculate?

Answer 3

0. 003 x PO2

* *PO2 is PaO2**

Question 4

Calculating the amount of dissolved O2 in blood:

how much O2 is dissolved in arterial blood if PaO2 is 90mmHg

Answer 4

0.003 x 90 = 0.27 mL O2/ 100ml blood

Question 5

Calculating the amount of dissolved O2 in blood:

Calculate the increase in dissolved O2 in the arterial blood if PaO2 increases from 50mmHg to 300mmHg

Answer 5

0. 003 x 50 = 0.15 mLO2/100ml blood
1. 003 x 300 = 0.90 mLO2 / 100mL blood
2. 90 - 0.15 = 0.75 mLO2/100mL blood increase in dissolved O2

Question 6

Calculating the amount of dissolved O2 in blood:

Who’s law permits the amount of O2 dissolved on O2 tom be calculated?

Answer 6

Henry’s Law

Question 7

Calculating the amount of dissolved O2 in blood:

what are 2 things you need to know in order to do the calculation

Answer 7

Partial pressure

Solubility

Question 8

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:

O2 is carried by the blood in 2 forms…what are they?

Answer 8

Hgb bound (chemical form)
Dissolved (physical form)

Question 9

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:
in a young healthy iundividual normal arterial blood (PaO2=100 mmHg) has _____ mLO2/100mL blood dissolved, and ___ mL O2/ 100mL blood bound to Hgb.

Answer 9

0. 3 mLO2/100mL blood

19. 8 mlO2/100mL blood

Question 10

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:

the maximum O2 carrying capacity of arterial blood of a healthy person breathing room air is what?

Answer 10

20.4 mL O2/ 100mL blood

Question 11

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:
the maximum O2 carrying capacity of arterial blood of a healthy person breathing room air is 20.4 mL O2/100 mL blood, ____ mL of O2 is carried by Hb and ____ mL is dissolved

Answer 11

20. 1 Hb

0. 3 dissolved

Question 12

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:
the ODC is S shaped, the steep portion of the curve occurs when PO2 is less than 60 mmHg. clinical application: Hypoxia is defined as a PaO2

Question 13

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:
As blood passes through the capillaries of metabolizing tissues, the ODC automatically shifts to the ____ b/c temperature and PCO2 are increased and the pH is decreased, this assist with the unloading of O2

Answer 13

right shift

Question 14

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:
Blood passing through the Pulmonary capillaries gives up CO2 and pH Increases. The ODC shift to the ____. this facilitates the loading of O2 into Hgb

Answer 14

Left shift

Question 15

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:
the ___ effect refers to the shift in the position of the ODC in response to changes in PCO2. according the this effect there will always be a rightward shift in the curve in response to an increase in PCO2 and a leftward shift in response to a decrease in PCO2

Answer 15

Bohr

Question 16

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:

if fetal Hgb (HgF) is present the ODC shifts where?

Answer 16

left

Question 17

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:

maternal Hgb exhibits a ____ shift

Answer 17

right

Question 18

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:

if carboxyhemoglobin or methemoglobin is present there is a ___ shift

Answer 18

left

Question 19

Carriage of O2 by the blood Summary:

most of the O2 carried in the blood is boud to ___, and only a very small fraction is dissolved

Answer 19

Hgb

Question 20

Calculating the amount of O2 bound to Hgb:

what is “normal” Hgb concentration for equations

Answer 20

15 g hb/100 mL blood

Question 21

Calculating the amount of O2 bound to Hgb:

to calculate you need to know what 3 things?

Answer 21

1) the amount of O2 carried by each gram of fully saturated Hb. (1.34 mL O2 per g Hb)
2) the normal concentration of Hb (15 g per 100 mL blood)
3) the % saturation (90% = 90/100 = 0.9)

Question 22

Calculating the amount of O2 bound to Hgb:

what is the equation

Answer 22

O2 Hb = (1.34) x (15) x (0.9)

or O2 Hb = 1.34 x (hb) x % saturated

Question 23

Calculating the amount of O2 bound to Hgb:

calculate the amount of O2 carried by Hb when it’s 90% saturated. (assume normal Hb concentration)

Answer 23

1.34 x 15 x 0.9 = 18.1 mL O2/ 100mL blood

Question 24

Calculating the Total amount of O2 carried by the Blood:

what is simple equation

Answer 24

O2 bound to Hb + O2 dissolved in blood

Question 25

Calculating the Total amount of O2 carried by the Blood: | Calculate the total amount of O2 carried by the blood when it is 90% saturated (assume normal Hb)

Answer 25

1.34 x 15 x 0.9 = 18.1 mL O2/ 100 mL blood use ODC to find PaO2 90% = 60 mmHg 0.003 x 60 = 0.18 mL O2/ 100 mL/blood 18.1 + 0.18 = 18.28 mL O2 / 100mL blood

Question 26

If SvO2 is 70% how much O2 is dissolved is venous blood

Answer 26

SvO2 70% = PvO2 40 mmHg | 0.003 x 40 = 0.12 mL O2 / 100ml blood

Question 27

what is another way of writing 100mL blood

Answer 27

dL blood

Question 28

Normal values for Venous vs Arterial Arterial O2 90% = ____ PaO2 Venous O2 70% = ___ PvO2

Answer 28

Arterial 60 | venous 40

Question 29

CO2 blood dissociation curve: the ___ effect describes how changes in Partial pressure of O2 (PO2) in the blood influences the blood dissociation curve.

Answer 29

haldane effect

Question 30

CO2 blood dissociation curve: | when PO2 in the blood increases, the blood CO2 dissociation curve shifts how?

Answer 30

down and to the right

Question 31

CO2 blood dissociation curve: | when the PO2 in the blood decreases, the blood CO2 dissociation curve shifts how

Answer 31

up and to the left

Question 32

CO2 blood dissociation curve: | what effect does Opioids have on the blood CO2 dissociation curve? why?

Answer 32

shifts it up and to the left b/c opioids decrease PO2 secondary to respiratory deprssion

Question 33

CO2 blood dissociation curve: | Approximately 90% of the CO2 in transported by the blood is in the form of what?

Answer 33

HCO3-

Question 34

Conversion of CO2 to Bicarbonate in RBC's: | What is the balancing formula that this uses

Answer 34

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3- + H+ ( = carbonic anhydrase) (H2CO3 = carbonic acid)

Question 35

Conversion of CO2 to Bicarbonate in RBC's: | what principle is used for the to occur

Answer 35

LaChantelier's principle

Question 36

Conversion of CO2 to Bicarbonate in RBC's: | so explain in basic terms how this occurs

Answer 36

- CO2 leaves cell into the plasma - then diffuses into RBC - Once in RBC CO2 uses colonic anhydrase to combine with H2O and form carbonic acid (CO2 + H2O = H2CO3) - then carbonic anhydrase breaks down carbonic acid into bicarb and hydrogen (H2CO3 = HCO3- + H+) - Hb (-) charged and are buffers for H+ - HCO3- then leaves the RBC freely and another (-) needs to enter so Cl- enters

Question 37

CO2 is carried in the blood in 3 ways what are they?

Answer 37

1) in dissolved form 2) as Bicarbonate 3) chemically bonded to proteins (plasma proteins and HB)

Question 38

Chloride Shift in NON-Pulmonary Capillaries: | explain it

Answer 38

- CO2 leaves cell into the plasma - then diffuses into RBC - Once in RBC CO2 uses colonic anhydrase to combine with H2O and form carbonic acid (CO2 + H2O = H2CO3) - then carbonic anhydrase breaks down carbonic acid into bicarb and hydrogen (H2CO3 = HCO3- + H+) - Hb (-) charged and are buffers for H+ - HCO3- then leaves the RBC freely and another (-) needs to enter so Cl- enters thus maintaining electroneutrality - the exchange of Cl- for HCO3- is the chloride shift

Question 39

Chloride Shift in NON-Pulmonary Capillaries: | the chloride shift is also called what

Answer 39

Hamburger shift

Question 40

How do you calculate the amount of CO2 in dissolved blood?

Answer 40

PCO2 x 0.067 | result in mL CO2 in 100mL blood

Question 41

who's law allows you to calculate the amount of CO2 dissolved in blood?

Answer 41

henry's law