Co-existing diseases- Neuromuscular diseases Flashcards
Muscular Dystrophy:
is it hereditary
yes
Muscular Dystrophy:
what is the hallmark description
painless degeneration and atrophy of skeletal muscle (associated w/ mental retardation)
Muscular Dystrophy:
what are the characteristics of Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy?
CHF Recurrent PNE kyphoscoliosis Hyperkalemia w/ SCh Malignant hyperthermia suceptibility
Muscular Dystrophy:
Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy characteristics
relatively benign
Muscular Dystrophy:
facioscapulahumeral, is the heart involved?
nope
Muscular Dystrophy:
2 characteristics associated with Nemaline Rod Muscuar Dystrophy
Micrognathia
Bulbar palsy
Muscular Dystrophy:
what is the most common and most severe of all the MDs
Duchenne’s
Muscular Dystrophy: Duchenne’s
it is ___-linked ______
X-linked recessive
Muscular Dystrophy: Duchenne’s
when is the onset
early childhood
Muscular Dystrophy: Duchenne’s
are kyphoscoliosis and hip and knee contractors common
yes
Muscular Dystrophy: Duchenne’s
what EKG changes occur
prolonged PR and QRS ST segment abnormalities BBB Q waves Tall R waves
Muscular Dystrophy: Duchenne’s
what happens to total lung capacity and residual volume
reduced
Muscular Dystrophy: Duchenne’s
they are prone to recurrent what?
Pulmonary infection
Muscular Dystrophy: Duchenne’s
why do u avoid SCh
increased risk of MH
Muscular Dystrophy: Duchenne’s
is Neuromuscular monitoring mandatory?
yes
Multiple Sclerosis:
it is characterized by what?
random and multiple sites on demyelination of the corticospinal tract neurons in the brain and spinal cord, exclusive of peripheral neurons
Multiple Sclerosis:
S/S
Visual disturbances Ataxia Limb Paresthesia and weakness Spastic paresis of skeletal muscle exacerbations and remissions
Multiple Sclerosis:
what do you really want to avoid in these pt’s
marked temp changes
Multiple Sclerosis:
also avoid what (bc it can exacerbate the symptoms)
stress
Multiple Sclerosis:
what can occur w/ SCh
hyperkalemia
Multiple Sclerosis:
can u do a spinal
questionable (but usually no)
Myasthenia Gravis:
is a chronic autoimmune disease inolving what?
the NMJ
Myasthenia Gravis:
it is characterized by weakness and rapid exhuastion of skeletal muscle with repetitive use; is there recovery with rest?
yes some recovery
Myasthenia Gravis:
S/S eyes
ptosis
Diplopia
(most common initial sign)
Myasthenia Gravis
why is there an increased risk of aspiration
weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
Myasthenia Gravis:
is atrophy present?
no- there is asymmetric extremity skeletal muscle weakness
Myasthenia Gravis:
Complication r/t heart
Cardiomyopathy
Myasthenia Gravis:
any thyroid problems
hypothyroidism
Myasthenia Gravis:
treatments
Thymectomy
Plasmapheresis
Anti cholinesterase drugs
Corticosteroids
Myasthenia Gravis: Anesthesia
what would u want to avoid preop
opiods
Myasthenia Gravis: Anesthesia
what would you want to tell the pt (warn them about) in the prep period
poss mechanical ventilation postop
Myasthenia Gravis: Anesthesia
what should you do on induction?
short active IV drugs
Tracheal intubation without muscle relaxant
Parkinson’s Disease:
is degenerative disease of the CNS characterized by loss of ________ fibers in the basal ganglia of the brain
dopaminergic
Parkinson’s Disease:
_______ is an inhibitory neurotransmitter acting on the extrapyramidal motor system
dopamine
Parkinson’s Disease:
S/S
Skeletal muscle rigidity
Resting tremor
Diaphragmatic spasms
Mental depression
Parkinson’s Disease:
treatment are drugs times to do what?
increase the concentration of dopamine
Parkinson’s Disease:
a common drug these pts are on
levodopa
Parkinson’s Disease:
what do you want to avoid during anesthesia
drugs that w/ antidopaminergic effects
Droperidol
reglan
