Physics and Chemistry- law/principle and applications

Question 1

what are 4 ways the Law of Laplace applies

Answer 1

• A blood vessel w/ and aneurysm has greater wall tension
• w/ greater ventricular filling during diastole, there is greater tension in the wall at end diastole
• in ARDS, smaller alveoli empty into Larger alveoli
• in healthy individuals, atelectasis does;t occur

Question 2

name 3 ways Poiseuille’s law applies?

Answer 2

• For IV administration flow is increased by
• increasing diameter
• decreasing length
• raising the IV bag
• the polycythemic pt has decreased flow through tissues
• the anemic pt has increased flow through tissues

Question 3

name 5 ways the Venturi effect (bernoulli’s principle) applies

Answer 3

• Nebulizer
• Venturi mask
• jet ventilator
• Injector
• anterior leaflet w/ IHSS

Question 4

name 2 ways henry’s law applies

Answer 4

• permits calculation of the amount of O2 dissolved in blood

- permits calculation of the amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood

Question 5

name 2 ways boyles law applies

Answer 5

• explains the release into the atmosphere of a large amount of gas from a compressed cylinder
• squeezing an ambu bag raises the pressure and decreases the volume

Question 6

name 1 way charles law applies

Answer 6

the inflatable cuff of an ET tube or LMA expands during sterilization

Question 7

name 4 ways Guy-Lussacs law applies

Answer 7

• when temp of a closed cylinder increases, pressure increases
• when the temp of a closed cylinder decreases, cylinder pressure decreases
• as a cylinder containing Liquid N2O empties, temp decreases (joule-thompson effect); as the temp decreases, the pressure inside the tank decreases
• wood’s metal blows when the temp increases substantially

Question 8

name 1 way the ideal gas law applies

Answer 8

as a cylinder of compressed gas empties, the pressure in the cylinder falls

Question 9

Name 2 ways daltons law applies?

Answer 9

• permits calculation of the % concentration of a gas by dividing the PP of the gas by the total pressure
• Permits calculation of PP of a gas by multiplying the % concentration by the concentration by total pressure

Question 10

name 2 ways the joule-thompson effect applies

Answer 10

-as a cylinder of compressed gas empties, the cylinder cools; condensation and ice crystals may be seen
- the cryoprobe operates on this basis
(think of the ice cream place)

Question 11

Name 4 ways Fick’s law of diffusion is applied

Answer 11

• concentration effect
• 2nd gas effect
• diffusion hypoxia
• expansion of gas into gas spaces of the body when N2O is turned on

Question 12

name 2 ways Beer-lambert law applies

Answer 12

• pulse ox

- ETCO2 detection

Question 13

what law is used to calculate SVR or resistance of flow through a tube

Answer 13

Ohm’s law

Question 14

what principle states that pulse pressure increases as the blood pressure wave travels to the periphery?

Answer 14

superimposition principle

Question 15

what principle states that a change in any of the factors determining equilibrium causes the system to adjust to reduce or counteract effects of the change

Answer 15

leChateliers principle

Question 16

what law states the distance from the source determines that amount of exposure of the anesthetist to x-rays? the intensity of the scattered x-ray radiation is inversely proportional to the square root of the distance from the source.

Answer 16

inverse square law