Transport

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

higher concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient

Question 2

What can diffuse

Answer 2

gasses
liquids
ions in solution

Question 3

Movement of Particles

Answer 3

Particles move randomly because of the kinetic energy they naturally have

Question 4

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 4

there is no net movement of particles,
Dynamic- particles continue to move
Equilibrium- concentration either side remains the same

Question 5

Simple Diffusion

Answer 5

Fat-soluble molecules can diffuse through the bilayer

Question 6

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 6

Polar molecules are unable to pass through the hydrophobic inside of the phospholipid bilayer,
therefore they require proteins to enable them to pass through the bilayer,

Question 7

Channel Proteins

Answer 7

used in facilitated diffusion,

each specific protein shape is selective in what it lets through

Question 8

Aquaporins

Answer 8

specific channel proteins that allow water to move freely from cytoplasm to environment

Question 9

factors affecting rate of diffusion

Answer 9

membrane thickness,
surface area,
concentration gradient,
partially permeable.

Question 10

Ficks Law

Answer 10

Rate of Diffusion = (concentraio gradient X surface area) / membrane thickness

Question 11

Folds

Answer 11

microvilli and gut epithelial cells folds which increase surface area and decreases the diffusion pathway,

Question 12

Active Transport

Answer 12

low concentraion to high concentration against concentraion gradient with the use of ATP

Question 13

Osmosis

Answer 13

only refers to the movement of water,
occurs across a semi permeable membrane which has tiny holes in it,
the holes are small enough for water molecules to pass through but larger molecules can not pass through

Question 14

Water Potential

Answer 14

a measure of the pressure exerted by the movement of water,

Question 15

Water Potential Units

Answer 15

kPa

Kilo Pascalds

Question 16

High Water Potential

Answer 16

more water can move

Question 17

Low Water Potential

Answer 17

less water can move

Question 18

Water Potential of 0 kPa

Answer 18

Pure water has the highest water potential

Question 19

Water Potential of -8 to -10 kPa

Answer 19

the more dissolved solutes in the water the less water is able to move and the lower (more negative) its water potential is

Question 20

Movement of Water

Answer 20

water will move from high water potential to low water potential,
less negative —-> more negative

Question 21

Water Potential fall

Answer 21

a solutes water potential will fall as solutes are added because water molecules will cluster around the solute molecules

Question 22

Hypotonic

Answer 22

less solute concentration, high water potential

water will move into the cell causing it to expand and burst

Question 23

Isotonic

Answer 23

same water potential,

the same amount of water enters the cell as what moves out so the cell is not damaged

Question 24

Hypertonic

Answer 24

more solute concentration, lower water potential

wtaer will mover out of the cell causing it to shrivel up

Question 25

Net Movement of Water

Answer 25

A net movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of lower water potential through a selective semi permeable mebrane

Question 26

Co Transport

Answer 26

sodium ions are pumped out of the cell (high concentration —> low concentration),
sodium ions enter from the lumen of the small intestine therefore glucose will then enter the cell,
glucose builds up in the cell and then diffuses into the blood