Cell Division

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

Interphase
Prophase 
Metaphase 
Anaphase 
Telophase 
Cytokinesis

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

Semi-Conservative DNA Replication

Question 3

Prophase

Answer 3

DNA becomes condensed
Chromosomes becomes more distinct
Nuclear Envelope breaks down and dissolves
Centrioles migrate to the poles

Question 4

Metaphase

Answer 4

Spindles have fully formed

Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell (mataphase plate)

Question 5

Anaphase

Answer 5

Spindles contract
Centimere divide
spindle pulls 1 chromatid from each pair to opposite poles of the cell

Question 6

Telophase

Answer 6

Chromatids reach poles
spindles break down
2 new nuclear envelopes are formed
chromosomes decondese again

Question 7

Cytokinesis

Answer 7

cell divides into 2 identical diploid daughter cells
genetically identical
chromosomes are indistinct
nucleolus is now present

Question 8

Why do cells divide by mitosis?

Answer 8

growth and repair of damaged cells or tissues

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

Meisosi 1 and Meiois 2

Question 10

Meiosis 1

Answer 10

Interphase 
Prophase 1
Metapahse 1
Anapahse 1
Telophase 1

Question 11

Interphase

Answer 11

Semi Conservative DNA Replication

Question 12

Prophase 1

Answer 12

Chromosmes condense becoming visible
nuclear membrane breaks down
spindles start to form

Question 13

Mataphase 1

Answer 13

Bivalents line up along the equator in homologous pairs (metaphase plate)

Question 14

Anaphase 1

Answer 14

Spindles contract
Bivalents are pulled apart 
Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart 
Separated randomly 
2 chromatids are pulled towards the poles

Question 15

Telophase 1

Answer 15

Chromosomes reach the poles
Nuclear envelope starts to reform
Cells do NOT divide

Question 16

Meiosis 2

Answer 16

Prophase 2
Metaphase 2 
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2
Cytokinesis

Question 17

Prophase 2

Answer 17

Spindles form around both sets of chromosomes

nuclear membrane breaks down

Question 18

Metaphase 2

Answer 18

Chromosmes line up along the equator (metaphase plate)

Question 19

Anaphase 2

Answer 19

Spindle fibres contract causing
centomeres divide
chromatids separate to opposite poles

Question 20

Telophase 2

Answer 20

Chromosomes reach poles and disperse
spindles break down
nuclear membrane reforms

Question 21

Cytokinesis

Answer 21

Cytoplasm divides 
membranes form around new cells 
producing 4 haploid daughter cells 
23 chromosomes 
NOT genetically identical

Question 22

Why do cells divide by mitosis

Answer 22

produce gametes

sex cells

Question 23

Cell Cycle

Answer 23

cells spend 90% of thir time in interphase and the rest in mitosis

Question 24

G1 phase

Answer 24

after mitosis the 2 small cells enter this phase

here they grow up to normal cell size

Question 25

S1 phase

Answer 25

after G1 if the cells get the message to divide they move into tis phase where DNA replication occurs

Question 26

GO phase

Answer 26

resting phase after G1 if they do not move into the S1 phase they move here it can be temporary or for the rest of its life this is where stem cells wait until they are needed for replcaement

Question 27

G2 phase

Answer 27

after the S1 phase is complete cells move into this phase | preparation for division and undergo more growth

Question 28

Variation is increased in

Answer 28

Crossing over in prophase 1 | Independent segregation in anaphase 1

Question 29

Random Combinations

Answer 29

4 daughter cells have completely different combinations of chromosomes due to random segregation in meiosis 1 and 2

Question 30

Independent Segregataion

Answer 30

Either copy of a chromosme can go towards the gamete the other copy can move to the same side or other side Both have the same genes just different alleles

Question 31

2^n

Answer 31

number of unique gametes that could be formed n = number of homologous pairs in the organism

Question 32

(2^n)^2

Answer 32

Number of combinations

Question 33

Crossing Over

Answer 33

each pair of homologous chromosomes become twisted around each other tension causes part of the chromosome to break off these broken portions join the the other partner of the homologous pair equivalent portions of the chromosmes are exchanged

Question 34

Bacterial Cell Division

Answer 34

Binary Fission circular DNA replication attachment to cell membrane plasmid replication cell membrane grows between the 2 DNA molecules seperating them new cell wall forms between the 2 DNA molecules

Question 35

Viral Replication

Answer 35

Virus attachment proteins attach to the receptor proteins on cell surface membrane virus injects its genetic material into the cell cell produces new viral proteins and genetic material assembling new virus particles