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Biology > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 different types of cells

A

Eukaryote

Prokaryote

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2
Q

Eukaryote Cells

examples

A

plant cells
animal cells
fungi

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3
Q

Prokaryote cells

examples

A

bacteria

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4
Q

Organelles

A

sub-units within a cell with a specialised function.

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

contains DNA that codes for proteins.

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6
Q

Nucleolus

A

produces ribosomes

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7
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

controls entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus

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8
Q

Nuclear Pores

A

allows the passage of large molecules

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9
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

the bulk of the nucleus which contains chromatin

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10
Q

Chromatin

A

mass of material composed of DNA

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A

The site of aerobic respiration produces ATP and releases energy.

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12
Q

Cristae in the Mitochondria

A

folds that increase the surface area for reactions to take place

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13
Q

Matrix in the Mitochondria

A

contains enzymes

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14
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

membranes are continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus.

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15
Q

Rough ER

A

synthesises and transports proteins.

has ribosomes on the outer layer

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16
Q

Smooth ER

A

synthesises and transports lipids and carbohydrates.

it has no ribosomes.

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17
Q

Ribosomes

A

the site of protein synthesis.

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18
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

packages and modifies substances (proteins) from the Rough ER.

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19
Q

Lysosomes

A

contains/release hydrolytic enzymes for waste management in cells.

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20
Q

Vacuole

A

cell support and turgidity

temporary food store in plants.

21
Q

Cell Surface Membrane

A

controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

22
Q

Chloroplast

A

site of photosynthesis.

23
Q

Stroma in chloroplast

A

contains enzymes required for photosynthesis.

contains DNA and ribosomes to make proteins needed for photosynthesis.

24
Q

Double Membrane in chloroplast

A

highly selective.

25
Q

Thylakoid in chloroplast

A

contains chlorophyll

26
Q

Granum in chloroplast

A

stack of thylakoids gives a large surface area for photosynthesis.

27
Q

Microvilli

A

large surface area to increase absorption of substances into the cell.

28
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

protein fibres that maintain and stabilise the cells shape.

29
Q

Centrioles

A

protein fibres form the spindles during cell division.

30
Q

Eukaryote Organelles

A 
mitochondria
smooth ER
nucleolus
nuclear envelope
nuclear pores
rough ER
golgi apparatus
ribosomes
lysosomes
cell surface membrane
31
Q

Prokaryote Organelles

A 
cell wall
ribosomes
circular DNA
plasmid
flagella
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
capsuole
32
Q

Circular DNA

A

contains genes for survival and enzymes that break down antibodies/antibiotics.

33
Q

Flagellum

A

spins and corkscrews to help aid movement through fluids

34
Q

Capsule

A

sticks to surfaces and other bacteria inorder to protect the cell.

35
Q

Cell Wall

A

protects against mechanical damage

36
Q

Prokaryotes Size

A

0.1 to 10 micro meters in length

37
Q

Eukaryotes Size

A

10 to 100 micro meters in length

38
Q

Folds in the Membrane

A

contains enzymes for respiration or photosynthesis .

39
Q

Plasmid

A

contains genes that aid survival and produce enzymes to break down antibodies

40
Q

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (nucleus)

A

E has a nucleus

P has no nucleus

41
Q

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (bound organelles)

A

E has membrane bound organelles

P has no membrane bound organelles

42
Q

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (cell wall)

A

E has a cellulose based cell wall

P has a peptiglycon based cell wall

43
Q

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (DNA)

A

E has DNA held on linear chromosomes and located within the nucleus
P has DNA held on circular chromosomes and located within the cytoplasm

44
Q

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (ATP production)

A

E happens in the mitochondria

P happens in infolded regions of the cell membrane called mesosomes

45
Q

Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (ribosomes)

A

E has 80s ribosomes

P has 70s ribosomes

46
Q

Bacteria Cell Wall

A

peptidoglycan

47
Q

Fungi Cell Wall

A

chitin

48
Q

Plant Cell Wall

A

cellulose

Biology (24 decks)

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