Cell Structure Flashcards
2 different types of cells
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote Cells
examples
plant cells
animal cells
fungi
Prokaryote cells
examples
bacteria
Organelles
sub-units within a cell with a specialised function.
Nucleus
contains DNA that codes for proteins.
Nucleolus
produces ribosomes
Nuclear envelope
controls entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus
Nuclear Pores
allows the passage of large molecules
Nucleoplasm
the bulk of the nucleus which contains chromatin
Chromatin
mass of material composed of DNA
Mitochondria
The site of aerobic respiration produces ATP and releases energy.
Cristae in the Mitochondria
folds that increase the surface area for reactions to take place
Matrix in the Mitochondria
contains enzymes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
membranes are continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus.
Rough ER
synthesises and transports proteins.
has ribosomes on the outer layer
Smooth ER
synthesises and transports lipids and carbohydrates.
it has no ribosomes.
Ribosomes
the site of protein synthesis.
Golgi Apparatus
packages and modifies substances (proteins) from the Rough ER.
Lysosomes
contains/release hydrolytic enzymes for waste management in cells.
Vacuole
cell support and turgidity
temporary food store in plants.
Cell Surface Membrane
controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
Chloroplast
site of photosynthesis.
Stroma in chloroplast
contains enzymes required for photosynthesis.
contains DNA and ribosomes to make proteins needed for photosynthesis.
Double Membrane in chloroplast
highly selective.
Thylakoid in chloroplast
contains chlorophyll
Granum in chloroplast
stack of thylakoids gives a large surface area for photosynthesis.
Microvilli
large surface area to increase absorption of substances into the cell.
Cytoskeleton
protein fibres that maintain and stabilise the cells shape.
Centrioles
protein fibres form the spindles during cell division.
Eukaryote Organelles
mitochondria smooth ER nucleolus nuclear envelope nuclear pores rough ER golgi apparatus ribosomes lysosomes cell surface membrane
Prokaryote Organelles
cell wall ribosomes circular DNA plasmid flagella cytoplasm plasma membrane capsuole
Circular DNA
contains genes for survival and enzymes that break down antibodies/antibiotics.
Flagellum
spins and corkscrews to help aid movement through fluids
Capsule
sticks to surfaces and other bacteria inorder to protect the cell.
Cell Wall
protects against mechanical damage
Prokaryotes Size
0.1 to 10 micro meters in length
Eukaryotes Size
10 to 100 micro meters in length
Folds in the Membrane
contains enzymes for respiration or photosynthesis .
Plasmid
contains genes that aid survival and produce enzymes to break down antibodies
Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (nucleus)
E has a nucleus
P has no nucleus
Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (bound organelles)
E has membrane bound organelles
P has no membrane bound organelles
Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (cell wall)
E has a cellulose based cell wall
P has a peptiglycon based cell wall
Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (DNA)
E has DNA held on linear chromosomes and located within the nucleus
P has DNA held on circular chromosomes and located within the cytoplasm
Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (ATP production)
E happens in the mitochondria
P happens in infolded regions of the cell membrane called mesosomes
Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes (ribosomes)
E has 80s ribosomes
P has 70s ribosomes
Bacteria Cell Wall
peptidoglycan
Fungi Cell Wall
chitin
Plant Cell Wall
cellulose