Digestion

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

process in which large molecules are hydrolysed by enzymes into smaller molecules which can be absorbed and assimilated

Question 2

Digestive System

Answer 2

Mouth (with Salivary glands)
Oesophagus 
Stomach 
Liver 
Pancreus (producing juices)
Small Intestine 
Large Intestine 
Rectum
Anus

Question 3

Teeth

Answer 3

mechanical breakdown of food (physical digestion)

increases surface area and allows swallowing

Question 4

Salivary Glands

Answer 4

release enzyme amylase

Question 5

amylase converts

Answer 5

starch into maltose

Question 6

Oesphagus

Answer 6

transport of food from mouth to stomach

thick muscular wall contracts to push food to the stomach by peristalsis

Question 7

Peristalsis

Answer 7

involunatry contraction
food is forced along the legth of the alimentary canal
rhythmic contractions of the longitudinal and circular muscles
exposing the food to a variety of enzymes and conditions

Question 8

Stomach

Answer 8

3 layers of muscle churn food
more physical digestion
muscular sac produces enzymes to digest proteins
stomach acid stops carbohydrate digestion

Question 9

Endopeptidases

Answer 9

cut peptide bonds in the middle of the polypeptide chain

Question 10

Exopeptidases

Answer 10

cut peptide bonds to release the terminal (end ) amino acids

Question 11

Stomach Acid

Answer 11

denatures salivary amylase by changing the tertiary structure and stopping carbohydrate digestion

Question 12

Pancrease

Answer 12

secretion of pancreatic juices with enzymes to digest proteins carbohydrates and lipids

Question 13

Pancreatic salts

Answer 13

alkaline
neutralise stomach acids
enzymes do not denature

Question 14

Small intestine 
(ileum)

Answer 14

bile from the gall bladder neutralises acidic pH and then emulsifies lipids
Enzymes produced results in further digestion of food

Question 15

Villi

Answer 15

creates a larger surface area

Question 16

Micro Villi

Answer 16

creates and even larger surface area

Question 17

Large Intestine

colon

Answer 17

organ where most water is absorbed

production of faeces

Question 18

Rectum

Answer 18

storage of faeces prior to egestion

Question 19

Physical Breakdown

Answer 19

food is mechanically broken down by structures liek the teeth and stomcah walls (churning)
this gives a large surface area for chemical digestion

Question 20

Chemical Breakdown

Answer 20

large insoluble molecules hydrolysed into smaller soluble ones

Question 21

lipase

Answer 21

lipids

Question 22

protease

Answer 22

proteins

Question 23

carbohydrase

Answer 23

carbohydrates

Question 24

amylase

Answer 24

starch

Question 25

lactase

Answer 25

lactose

Question 26

maltase

Answer 26

maltose

Question 27

sucrase

Answer 27

sucrose

Question 28

Bile Salt Molecule

Answer 28

negatively charged hydrophobic head

hydrophilic tail

Question 29

In the presnece of bile slats

Answer 29

lipids beome soluble in water

Question 30

water soluble micells =

Answer 30

bile salts
     \+
fatty acids 
      \+
monoglycerides
            \+
glycerol

Question 31

water soluble micells

Answer 31

transpot fatty acids monoglycerides and glycerol to the intestines wall and release them for absorbtion

Question 32

Monoglyceride and fatty acids

Answer 32

transported to the endoplamic reticulum where they are recombined to form triglycerides

Question 33

monoglyceride

Answer 33

1 glycerol + 1 fatty acid + 2 free fatty acids