Transport Flashcards
What is adrenaline?
A hormone that stimulates heart rate as preparation for ‘fight or flight’
What is an atria?
One of the two chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins and pumps it into the ventricles.
What is biconcave?
Describes the shape of a red blood cell in which the middle is pressed inwards, making the cell thinner in the middle than at the edges.
What is evaporation?
When particles in a liquid gain enough energy to move fast enough and become a gas.
What is haemoglobin?
The red chemical in red blood cells that combines reversibly with oxygen.
What is heart rate?
The number of heart beats in a given time
What is humidity?
A measure of the concentration of water molecules in the air
What is the immune system?
Protects the body against infection and includes white blood cells
What are lymphocytes?
A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to attack a pathogen
What are phagocytes?
A type of white blood cell that engulf and destroy pathogens
What is phloem?
Phloem tissue is formed from many living cells that carry dissolved substances, such as sucrose and amino acids, from the leaves to other parts of plants.
What is plasma?
The liquid, watery part of blood which carries dissolved food molecules, urea, hormones, carbon dioxide and other substances around the body and also helps to distribute heat energy.
What are platelets?
Fragments of much larger cells that cause blood clots to form at sites of damage in blood vessels.
What are root hair cells?
Cells in the epidermis of roots that have a long extension of cytoplasm, where uptake of substances from soil water occurs.
What is a vaccination?
A technique for giving a person a vaccine to stimulate the immune system, and protect them from infection.
What are valves?
Flaps in the heart and in veins that prevent the flow of blood in the wrong direction.
What are ventricles?
The two chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria and pump it out through arteries.
What are xylem?
Xylem tubes are formed from dead cells in the vascular bundles of a plant which carry water and dissolved substances from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plant.
What does xylem tissue transport from plant roots to other parts of the plant?
Water and mineral ions
What does phloem tissue carry from the leaves to other parts of the plant?
Sucrose and amino acids
What is transpiration?
The evaporation of water from the leaf surface, mostly through the stomata
What does the rate of transpiration increase with?
Increased temperature, increased wind speed, increased light intensity and decreased humidity
What is human blood formed from?
Liquid plasma that carries red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets around the body.
State properties of red blood cells
They have a biconcave disc shape
They contain large amounts of haemoglobin
They are small and flexible so they can carry oxygen efficiently to all the cells in the body
