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Co-ordination And Repsonse Flashcards

1
Q

Pain receptor

A

A sensory receptor that responds to noxious or painful stimuli; also called a nociceptor

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2
Q

Sense organs

A

Organs containing receptor cells adapted for the receiving of a particular type of stimulus

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3
Q

Retina

A

Contains receptors for vision

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4
Q

Nose

A

Sense organ for smell

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5
Q

Ear

A

Sense organ for sound and balance

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6
Q

Taste buds

A

A collection of modified epithelial cells on the tongue or in the mouth that are receptors for taste in mammals

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7
Q

Reflex

A

An automatic reaction to a stimulus, mediated by the spinal cord or lower brain

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8
Q

Stimulus

A

A change in the environment that triggers a response in an organism

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9
Q

Response

A

Reacting to stimuli

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10
Q

Sensory neuron

A

A nerve cell that receives information from the internal and external environment and transmits signals to the central nervous system

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11
Q

Motor neuron

A

A nerve cell that transmits signals from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands

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12
Q

Relay neurone

A

Found in the spinal cord, carries electrical impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone

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13
Q

Nerves

A

Bundles of cells that connect receptors to the central nervous system, and the central nervous system to receptors.

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14
Q

Synapse

A

A junction (gap) between neurones where chemicals diffuse across

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15
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system - includes the brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Effector

A

A muscle or a gland which causes the response

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17
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

The sensory and motor neurons that connect to the central nervous system

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18
Q

Axon

A

A typically long extension, or process, of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards target cells

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19
Q

Cell body

A

A part of a neuron that houses the nucleus and most other organelles

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20
Q

Dendrite

A

Part of neurone which receives input from other neurones

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21
Q

Cones

A

Allow colour vision in bright light

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22
Q

Rods

A

Allow black and white vision in dim light

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23
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Receptors found in skin and hypothalamus which detect temperature

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24
Q

Thermoregulation

A

The maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range

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25
Cornea
The transparent frontal portion of the sclera, which admits light into the vertebrate eye
26
Pupil
The opening in the iris, which admits light into the interior or the vertebrate eye. Muscles in the iris regulate its size
27
Iris
Regulates the size of the pupil
28
Vitreous humor
The jellylike material that fills the posterior cavity of the vertebrate eye
29
Aqueous humor
Transmits light rays and supports eyeball
30
Choroid
Absorbs stray light
31
Sclera
A tough, white outer layer of connective tissue that forms the globe of the vertebrate eye
32
Retina
Contains receptors for vision
33
Optic nerve
Transmits impulses to the brain
34
Blind spot
Area where the optic nerve leaves the eye, there are no receptors here
35
Ciliary muscle
Relaxes causing the suspensory ligaments to become tight and the lens flattens for distance
36
Suspensory ligaments
Loosen causing the lens to become rounded for near vision
37
Conjunctiva
Covers sclera and cornea and keeps eye moist
38
Lens
The structure in an eye that focuses light rays onto the photoreceptors
39
Eyelid
Protects the eye from physical harm
40
Hypothalamus
The ventral part of the vertebrate forebrain; functions in maintaining homeostasis, especially in coordinating the endocrine and nervous systems; secretes hormones of the posterior pituitary
41
Glucagon
Stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver
42
Glycogen
Storage form of glucose in animals. Broken down to release glucose into the blood
43
Glucose
Simplest sugar monomer, used in respiration
44
Insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas that causes muscle and liver cells to take glucose from the blood.
45
Auxin
A plant growth hormone
46
Phototropism
A growth response in plants affected by light
47
Geotropism, gravitropism
A growth response in plants affected by the direction of the force of gravity.
48
Negative geotropsim
When a shoot grows away from gravity
49
Positive geotropism
When a plant root grows towards gravity
50
Vasoconstriction
Narrowing of blood vessels
51
Vasodilation
Widening of blood vessels
52
Sweating
A response to high body temperature where a fluid is secreted from glands in the skin
53
Endocrine glands
A collection of cells that secrete hormones into the blood
54
Central nervous system
Coordinates and controls responses, consisting of brain and spinal cord.
55
Endocrine system
Hormones act as chemical messengers
56
Homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment
57
Shivering
Muscle contraction to release heat
58
(Nerve) impulse
Electrical signal
59
Negative feedback
A key mechanism in achieving homeostasis, the body monitors its internal environment and reacts by trying to reduce any changes that occur
60
Hormone
A chemical messenger, produced by a gland, carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more target organs
61
Hormonal system
A chemical response system in humans where hormones produced by the endocrine glands are carried in the blood to target organs where they affect the cells.
62
Neuron
A nerve cell, which is specially adapted for carrying electrical nerve impulses
63
Nervous system
A response system in humans that uses electrical impulses between receptor cells, nerve cells and effector cells to produce a response to a stimulus.
64
Progesterone
A hormone produced in the ovaries that helps to control the menstrual cycle
65
Oestrogen
A hormone produced by the ovaries that helps to control the menstrual cycle and produced secondary sexual characteristics in girls.
66
Target organ
An organ of the body containing cells that respond to a particular hormone
67
Testosterone
A hormone produced by the testes that produces secondary sexual characteristics in boys.

Biology (20 decks)

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