Cells, tissues and organs and organ systems Flashcards
Describe the villi
Cover inner walls of small intestine
Larger surface area for products of digestion to be absorbed into the blood
Finger like bumps
Means more can be absorbed into the blood stream at the same time
What is an enzyme?
A catalyst which speeds up chemical reactions, it can either join molecules together or break them apart
Where is amylase found? What is its substrate? What is its product?
Found in the mouth and small intestine
It’s substrate is starch
It’s product is maltose
Where is maltase found? What is its substrate? What is its product?
Found in the small intestine
It’s substrate is maltose
It’s product is glucose
Where is protease found? What is its substrate? What is its product?
Found in the stomach and small intestine
It’s substrate is protein
It’s product is amino acids
Where is lipase found? What is its substrate? What is its product?
Found in the pancreas and small intestine
It’s substrate is lipids
It’s product is fatty acids and glycerol
What is an organelle?
A structure within a cell that carries out a particular function, such as nucleus, vacuole.
What is a cell?
The most basic structure of a living organism. These are described as the building blocks of life
Example: epithelial cell
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells that have a similar function, such as muscle tissue
What is an organ?
A group of tissues that work together to carry out a particular function, such as the stomach or the heart.
What is a system?
A group of organs that work together to carry outa particular function, such as the mouth, stomach a di testiness in the digestive system.
What is an organism?
A complete living thing made up of many organ systems. Characterised by MRS NERG
Example: human
The structure of a plant cell and animal cell
(Look on photos)
What is the cell membrane?
The structure surrounding cells that controls what enters and leaves the cell
What is the cell wall?
Made of cellulose and surrounds plant cells, giving them support and shape
What is photosynthesis?
The chemical process by which plants absorb ultraviolet light and carbon dioxide, and create glucose and oxygen
What are chloroplasts?
Organelles found only in plant cells and are where photosynthesis takes place in the cell
What is cytoplasm?
The jelly-like liquid inside the cell which contains the organelles and where many chemical reaction take place
What are chromosomes?
Long DNA molecules found in the nucleus of a cell. The nucleus is the organelle in plant and animal cells that contain genetic material.
What is a vacuole?
A large vacuole is found in the middle of many plant cells, and contains sap
