Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > The Human Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Human Respiratory System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Label a structure of the respiratory system

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Label a diagram of the alveolus

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain the adaptations of the alveoli for gas exchange

A

Large surface area
Thin wall for easy diffusion/short diffusion path
Large difference in concentration
Moist surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the difference between breathing and respiration

A

Breathing is the movement of gases in and out of the lungs, muscles are involved
Respiration is the breakdown of nutrient molecules to release energy, takes place in all living cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the name of the two tubes that the trachea splits into?

A

Bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name of the smaller tubes that the bronchi split into?

A

Bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

The sheet of muscle and tendon at the bottom of the lungs that controls breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the intercostal muscles?

A

The muscles found between the ribs involved in ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the external intercostal muscles do when you inhale?

A

Contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do the external intercostal muscles do when you exhale?

A

Relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do the internal intercostal muscles do when you inhale?

A

Relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do the internal intercostal muscles do when you exhale?

A

Contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to the rib cage when you inhale?

A

It moves up and down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the rib cage when you exhale?

A

It moves down and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when you inhale?

A

It moves down

17
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when you exhale?

A

It moves up

18
Q

What happens to the volume inside the thoracic cavity when you inhale?

A

Increases

19
Q

What happens to the volume inside the thoracic cavity when you exhale?

A

Decreases

20
Q

What happens to the pressure inside the thoracic cavity when you inhale?

A

It is lower than atmospheric pressure

21
Q

What happens to the pressure inside the thoracic cavity when you exhale?

A

It is higher than atmospheric pressure

22
Q

When you inhale air moves…

A

In

23
Q

When you exhale air moves…

A

Out

24
Q

What is the order of the pathway taken by air into the lungs?

A

Atmosphere ➡️ trachea ➡️ bronchus ➡️ bronchiole ➡️ alveolus

25
Q

Describe how a human being breaths in

A

The diaphragm contracts and flattens in shape. The external intercostal muscles contract, making the ribs more upwards and outwards. These changes cause the volume of the thorax to increase. This causes the air pressure in the thorax to decrease. This decrease in pressure draws air into the lungs.

26
Q

What is the pulmonary artery used for?

A

This carries blood from the heart to the lungs

27
Q

Where is the thorax?

A

The centre part of the body protected by the ribs, which contains the lungs and heart

28
Q

What and where are the intercostal muscles?

A

The small muscles between the ribs

29
Q

What do the ribs do?

A

They are bones that help to support the thorax

30
Q

Explain how the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm are used to ventilate the lungs (for breathing in and out)

A

When the diaphragm contracts it moves downwards and the lungs increase in volume as they draw in air. As the lungs expand the external intercostal muscles contract and the internal intercostal muscles relax. When you exhale the opposite happens. Pressure decreases and air is forced in.

31
Q

Explain the biological consequences of smoking on the lungs and the circulatory system

A

Tar makes lungs black and sticky. Nicotine is addictive and increases blood pressure which over time damages blood vessels. Carbon monoxide can kill you and in large quantities is fatal. Long term smoking leads to emphysema which is when the alveoli are damaged causing shortness of breath. Tobacco contains carcinogenic which causes cancer.

32
Q

What does carcinogenic mean?

A

Having the potential to cause cancer

Biology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions