Respiration and Gas exchange Flashcards
Give three differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration does not need oxygen
Aerobic respiration provides 19 times more energy
Lactic acid is produced in anaerobic respiration
Describe how a person can count the rate of beating of the left ventricle
Measure pulse on wrist or neck
How do you calculate the rate of ventricle contraction in beats per minute?
Cardiac output/stroke volume
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration is plants?
Glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy
How is the energy from respiration used?
Making amino acids from sugars and nitrates and making proteins from amino acids
Where do we expect to find lots of mitochondria?
Cells which make a lot of proteins such as the gonads
During exercise, the muscle cells respire more than they do at rest. This means that:
Oxygen and glucose must be delivered to them more quickly and waste carbon dioxide must be removed more quickly
What is the other name for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Fermentation
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals/humans?
Glucose = lactic acid
What is respiration?
The process of releasing energy from glucose, which happens constantly in every living cell
What is the purpose of respiration?
To release energy
What are alveoli?
The tiny bulges of the air sacs in lungs where gases diffuse between the air in the lungs and the blood.
What are bronchi?
The two divisions of the trachea as it joins to the lungs
What are bronchioles?
The tiny tubes in the lungs that carry air to the alveoli
What does carcinogenic mean?
Something that causes cancer, which is the uncontrolled division of cells.
What is the compensation point?
The point at which the rate of photosynthesis and respiration in a plant are equal, so that there is no net production or uptake of gas.
What is the diaphragm?
The sheet of muscle and tendon at the bottom of the lungs that controls breathing.
What is exhalation?
Breathing out
What is inhalation?
Breathing in
What are the intercostal muscles?
The muscles between the ribs that can control breathing
What are the pleural membranes?
The two membranes surrounding the lungs
What is the respiratory system?
The body system that includes the lungs, diaphragm and other organs involved in breathing.
What is the thorax?
The centre part of the body protected by the ribs, which contains the lungs and heart.
What is the trachea?
The tube leading from the mouth to the bronchi, sometimes called the windpipe.
What is ventilation?
Another word for breathing
Why is diffusion important in gas exchange?
It controls the rate at which gases enter and leave an organism
