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Immunology Block 5 > Transplant Immunology > Flashcards

Transplant Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Hypersensitivity type I

A

Allergy/anaphylactic
IgE
Ab mediated

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2
Q

Hypersensitivity type II

A

Cells/cytotoxic
IgG, IgM
Ab mediated

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3
Q

Hypersensitivity type III

A

Immune complex
IgG, IgM
Ab mediated

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4
Q

Hypersensitivity type IV

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity
T cell
Cell mediated

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5
Q

What T cells are most important in type 4 HS

A

CD8 and TH2

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6
Q

Self tissue transferred from one body site to another in the same individual

A

Autografts

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7
Q

Tissue transferred between genetically identical individuals

A

Isograft

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8
Q

Tissue transferred between genetically different members of the same species

A

Allograft

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9
Q

What is the most common classification of grafts

A

Allograft

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10
Q

Tissue transferred between different species

A

Xenografts

Doesn’t work well

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11
Q

Transplanted tissue is rejected by the host

A

Host vs graft disease

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12
Q

Host is attacked by transplanted T cells

A

Graft vs Host disease

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13
Q

What is the typical rejection called

A

Host vs graft disease

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14
Q

Who do we typically see graft vs host disease in

A

Immunocompromised people.

T cells from bone marrow can attach newborn after transplant because they are immunocompromised

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15
Q

Where is HLA located

A

Short arm of chromosome 6

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16
Q

What are the most important HLA for type I

A

HLA-A, HLA-B

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17
Q

What is the most important HLA type for type II

A

HLA-DR

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18
Q

What is the most common organ transplant

A

Blood

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19
Q

What is the second most common organ transplant?

A

Cornea. Don’t have to worry about HLA typing because they don’t have MHC. Don’t need to treat them with immunosuppressant like all other tissues

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20
Q

What is critical in transplant rejection

A

T cells

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21
Q

What happens to rate of rejection after someone has already had a rejected transplant in the past?

A

They reject much faster

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22
Q

Antibodies to HLA can play a big role in rejection, but _________ play biggest role

A

T cells

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23
Q

Long survival of allografts in children with

A

Thymus deficiency, tells us that T cells are important in rejections

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24
Q

What T cells are involved in graft rejection

A

CD4 and CD8

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25
Q

Blocking CD8 alone, graft rejected in how many days

A

15 days

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26
Q

How many days to reject hen just blocking CD4 alone

A

30 days

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27
Q

How many days does it take to reject graft when blocking CD8 and CD4

A

60 days

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28
Q

Which T cell is most important in graft rejection

A

CD4, but CD8 does play some role

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29
Q

What do you have to make sure of before giving someone a transplant

A

Make sure they are ABO compatible

30
Q

What are the two stages of graft rejection

A

Sensitization stage

Effector stage

31
Q

What stage of graft rejection has antigen reactive lymphocytes activated by graft alloantigens

A

Sensitization stage

32
Q

What stage of graft rejection is there immune destruction of the graft

A

Effector stage

33
Q

What T cells recognize alloantigens

A

CD4 and CD8

34
Q

Cells that recognize MHC I

A

CD8

35
Q

Cells that recognize MHCII

A

CD4

36
Q

Donor and recipient APCs migrate from graft to

A

Block sensitization to prevent rejections

37
Q

What happens in the sensitization stage of graft rejection

A
  • CD4 and CD8 T cells recognize alloantigens
  • donor and recipient APCs migrate from graft to block sensitation to prevent rejection
  • stimulate activation of T lymphocytes
38
Q

Effector stage

A
  • Ab mediated
  • cell mediated
  • cytokines released
39
Q

What does IL-2 do in graft rejection

A

Promotes T cell proliferation

40
Q

What does IFN-y do in graft rejection

A

Promotes DTH response, promotes influx of macrophages.
UPREGULATES MHCI AND MHCII

TYPE I HS

41
Q

What does TNF-B (LT-a) do in graft rejection

A

Is cytotoxic to graft cells

42
Q

What type of HS reaction are the cytokines in the effector stage of graft rejection

A

Type I

43
Q

What for IFN-y do in graft rejection

A

upregulates MHC I and MHC II so it can check out the graft and tell it to “reveal itself”

44
Q

What does the TNF-a do in graft rejection

A

Waits for it to reveal itself so it can kill it (MHCI)

45
Q

What are the types of rejections

A
  • hyperacute rejection
  • acute rejection
  • chronic rejection
46
Q

What type of HS reaction is hyperacute rejection

A

Type II (Ab mediated)

47
Q

What type of HY reaction is acute rejection

A

Type 4 (cell mediated)

48
Q

What type of HS reaction is chronic rejection?

A

Both type II and IV (Ab mediated and cell mediated)

49
Q

Hyperacute rejection

A

Minutes to days

50
Q

Acute rejection

A

Weeks up to 6 months

51
Q

Chronic rejection

A

6 months or longer

52
Q

What does hyperacute rejection occur due to

A

Preexisting host Ab to HLA (woman who has had multiple births will have this

53
Q

Someone who has had previous blood transfusions is susceptible to what?

A

Hyperacute rejection, due to residual WBC in blood

54
Q

Who is predisposed to hyperacute rejection

A
  • previous blood transfusion
  • multiple pregnancy
  • previous transplants
55
Q

What happens once hyperacute rejection happens

A
  • fever and anaphylactic reaction
  • infilatration of neutrophils
  • cap blood clotting
56
Q

Hyperacute rejection is due to what

A

Preformed AB to HLA

57
Q

What is acute rejection caused by

A

Infiltration of grafts by mononuclear cells (CD4 cells)

Involves T cell mediated reactions (HS type 4)

58
Q

What does chronic rejection include

A

Humor and cell mediated responses (2 nad 4)

59
Q

What is IDed in donor organs before transplant

A

HLAs, also IDed in recipient tissue

60
Q

What does microcytotoxicity test for

A

Test for HLA

Add Ab from recipients to donor cells
-if Ab binds, will kill cell

Look at the blue circles and see whihc ones match up the best to the recipient ones

61
Q

Which match is more important in degree of match?

A

MHC II

62
Q

What are the most important HLAs in MHC I

A

A and B

63
Q

What is the most important HLA for MHC II

A

DR

64
Q

Compatibility is determined by mixing killed donor lymphocytes (MHC) with recipient lymphocytes

A

Mixed lymph response (MLR)

65
Q

What is proliferation in MLR measure by

A

Uptake of tritiated thymidine

66
Q

Whe looking at MLR, what can you tell

A

Lower number=Celsius are happy with transplant

Higher number=host not happy with transplant (they are ‘hot and angry’)

67
Q

What are the 3 processes of immunosuppression therapy

A
  • surgical (remove)
  • irradiation (radiate)
  • drugs (slow down rejection time)
68
Q

What kind of immunosuppression therapy does a corneal transplant need

A

None

69
Q

Transplant complications

A
  • infection
  • malignancy
  • tissue rejection
70
Q

What is the number one transplant

A

Blood transfusion

71
Q

What is the second most common transplant

A

Cornea

Immunology Block 5 (11 decks)

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