Intro To Immunity And Inflammation Part II Flashcards
What are the functions of antibodies
- neutralize and aggluntinate antigens
- tag/identify specific invaders for phagocytosis (opsonization)
- activate complement
- enhance NK-cell activity
What kind of protection is IgG?
Long term
Secondary immune response
What is the only antibody that crosses the placenta?
IgG
What do all of the antibodies do
Neutralize and agglutinate
IgD
Defective, intermediate
How many epitope can IgM bind?
10
IgE
Allergies and worms
-gets bored and binds to things causing allergies if not exposed to other things for it to “do”
What antibody crosses the mucous membrane
IgA
Which antibody is present the most in secretions?
IgA mostly
Some IgM and IgE
What is the predominant antibody in the blood?
IgG
What antibody can cross placenta
IgG
Which antibodies activate complement
IgG and IgM
What antibody reacts with neutrophils and macrophages mostly?
IgG (some IgA)
What antibody reacts with basophils and mast cells?
IgE
Why don’t you want IgA in GI?
Activates complement which activates inflammation, don’t want inflammation in the GI
Secondary immune response and past infection Is class?
IgG
Primary immune response and acute infection Ig class?
IgM
Largest antibody
IgM
Antibody class associated with allergies
IgE
Immunological response in nutshell
- microorganissms penetrate innate barriers
- macrophage ingest and present antigen
- Ag activates specific memory Th and B cells
- antibodies and plasma cells that produce them are specific to a single antigen
- after battle, only a few memory B cells and T cells are left on guard for that antigen
What does HIV attach
CD-4 directly
Takes out immune systems traffic cop
Primary immune response-1st exposure
- requires 1-2 weeks post first exposure
- antibody response not long lived
- symptoms of illness occur during this time (acute phase)
- antigen selected B and T cells need time to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells
Time you have a pathogen and no antibodies to attack it in primary immune response
Viral window
What 3 things describe the primary immune response
- delayed
- robust
- IgM
When do B cells make antibodies in the primary immune response?
Whenever they become plasma cells, they cannot produce antibodies until then
Secondary immune response -subsequent exposures
- hours to days to occur
- greater magnitude response and more prolonged
- occurs due to presence of memory cells
- IgG
How do you differentiate actute illness from a past illness with antibodies
Measure IgM
Is allergic response primary or secondary?
Secondary, you have to have been exposed before to have an allergy to it
What antibody class is secondary response predominated by
IgG
Blood is drawn from a patient presenting with symptoms of hepatitis. The test ordered include hepatitis A antigen, anti hepatitis A (IgM), anti hepatitis A (IgG), hepatitis B antigen, anti hepatitis B (IgM) and anti hepatitis B (IgG). Lab results are
Hep A Ag- neg anti-hep A (IgG)-neg Anti-hep A (IgM)-neg Hep B Ag-POS Anti Hep B (IgG)-neg Anti-hep B (IgM)-POS
What is your interpretation?
Acute and recent because antigen still present and presence of IgM
Subject actively produces their own antibodies. Requires exposure to infections agent again
Active
Natural active
Natural infection
Artificial active
Immunization with altered agent or its antigens
-immunizing with killed agent. Cannot determine if active or passive until know what you were immunized with
Subject receives exogenous antibodies. Does not confer long term immunity
Passive
Passive natural immunity
Mother child (IgG-placenta)
Artificial passive immmunity
Immunization with antibodies
- when we want them to have immediate protection
- such as a snake bite and rabies
- don’t have time to wait for own antibodies to be produced
- this is both active and passive!
Hazards of immunity
- inadvertent injury to the host
- development of autoimmunity
- hypersensitivity reactions
Body sites and tissues that are immune privileged
- Eye
- Brain: ventricles and striatum
- pregnant uterus
- testes and ovary
- adrenal cortex
- hair follicles
- hamster cheek pouch
- certain tumors
Hypersensitivity reactions
ACID
- type I: allergy/immediate
- type II: cell-bound/cytotoxic
- type III:immune complex
- type IV: delayed
What kind of responses are all of the ACID hypersensitivity reactions
Secondary responses and more than one can take place at the same time
Which hypersensitivity reactions ate antibody mediated
Type I, II, III
What type of hypersensitive reaction is cell mediated
Type IV: delayed
What is the only hypersensitivity reaction that is mediated by IgE?
Allergy/immediate (type I)
Mechanism of type I (allergy/immediate) reaction
Allergen cross links mast cell-bound IgE, triggers degranulation
Clinical presentation of type I hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis, atopy, asthma, hives, hay fever
Clinical presentation of type II hypersensitivity reaction (cell-bound/cytotoxic)
Transfusion reaction, immune hemolytic anemia, erythroblastosis fetalis, graves, myesthenia gravis, graft rejection
Mechanism of type II (cell-bound/cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reaction
Complement-activating contibodies (IgM/IgG) bind to cells and trigger lysis
Clinical presentation of type III hypersenitivity reaction (immune complex)
Serum sickness, arthus reaction, SLE, RA, poststeptococcal glomerulonephritis, farmers lung, vasculitis
Mechanism of type III hypersensitivity reaction (immune complexly)
Circulating immune complexes contains complement fixing antibodies (IgG)
Which types of hypersensitivity reactions use complement
Type II and III
Clinical presentation of type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction
TB skin test, contact dermatitis, celiac disease, type I DM, MS, graft rejection
Mechanism for type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction
Sensitized lymphocytes
