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Immunology Block 5 > Intro To Immunity And Inflammation Part II > Flashcards

Intro To Immunity And Inflammation Part II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of antibodies

A
  • neutralize and aggluntinate antigens
  • tag/identify specific invaders for phagocytosis (opsonization)
  • activate complement
  • enhance NK-cell activity
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2
Q

What kind of protection is IgG?

A

Long term

Secondary immune response

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3
Q

What is the only antibody that crosses the placenta?

A

IgG

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4
Q

What do all of the antibodies do

A

Neutralize and agglutinate

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5
Q

IgD

A

Defective, intermediate

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6
Q

How many epitope can IgM bind?

A

10

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7
Q

IgE

A

Allergies and worms

-gets bored and binds to things causing allergies if not exposed to other things for it to “do”

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8
Q

What antibody crosses the mucous membrane

A

IgA

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9
Q

Which antibody is present the most in secretions?

A

IgA mostly

Some IgM and IgE

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10
Q

What is the predominant antibody in the blood?

A

IgG

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11
Q

What antibody can cross placenta

A

IgG

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12
Q

Which antibodies activate complement

A

IgG and IgM

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13
Q

What antibody reacts with neutrophils and macrophages mostly?

A

IgG (some IgA)

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14
Q

What antibody reacts with basophils and mast cells?

A

IgE

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15
Q

Why don’t you want IgA in GI?

A

Activates complement which activates inflammation, don’t want inflammation in the GI

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16
Q

Secondary immune response and past infection Is class?

A

IgG

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17
Q

Primary immune response and acute infection Ig class?

A

IgM

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18
Q

Largest antibody

A

IgM

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19
Q

Antibody class associated with allergies

A

IgE

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20
Q

Immunological response in nutshell

A
  • microorganissms penetrate innate barriers
  • macrophage ingest and present antigen
  • Ag activates specific memory Th and B cells
  • antibodies and plasma cells that produce them are specific to a single antigen
  • after battle, only a few memory B cells and T cells are left on guard for that antigen
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21
Q

What does HIV attach

A

CD-4 directly

Takes out immune systems traffic cop

22
Q

Primary immune response-1st exposure

A
  • requires 1-2 weeks post first exposure
  • antibody response not long lived
  • symptoms of illness occur during this time (acute phase)
  • antigen selected B and T cells need time to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells
23
Q

Time you have a pathogen and no antibodies to attack it in primary immune response

A

Viral window

24
Q

What 3 things describe the primary immune response

A
  • delayed
  • robust
  • IgM
25
Q

When do B cells make antibodies in the primary immune response?

A

Whenever they become plasma cells, they cannot produce antibodies until then

26
Q

Secondary immune response -subsequent exposures

A
  • hours to days to occur
  • greater magnitude response and more prolonged
  • occurs due to presence of memory cells
  • IgG
27
Q

How do you differentiate actute illness from a past illness with antibodies

A

Measure IgM

28
Q

Is allergic response primary or secondary?

A

Secondary, you have to have been exposed before to have an allergy to it

29
Q

What antibody class is secondary response predominated by

A

IgG

30
Q

Blood is drawn from a patient presenting with symptoms of hepatitis. The test ordered include hepatitis A antigen, anti hepatitis A (IgM), anti hepatitis A (IgG), hepatitis B antigen, anti hepatitis B (IgM) and anti hepatitis B (IgG). Lab results are

Hep A Ag- neg
anti-hep A (IgG)-neg
Anti-hep A (IgM)-neg
Hep B Ag-POS
Anti Hep B (IgG)-neg
Anti-hep B (IgM)-POS

What is your interpretation?

A

Acute and recent because antigen still present and presence of IgM

31
Q

Subject actively produces their own antibodies. Requires exposure to infections agent again

A

Active

32
Q

Natural active

A

Natural infection

33
Q

Artificial active

A

Immunization with altered agent or its antigens

-immunizing with killed agent. Cannot determine if active or passive until know what you were immunized with

34
Q

Subject receives exogenous antibodies. Does not confer long term immunity

A

Passive

35
Q

Passive natural immunity

A

Mother child (IgG-placenta)

36
Q

Artificial passive immmunity

A

Immunization with antibodies

  • when we want them to have immediate protection
  • such as a snake bite and rabies
  • don’t have time to wait for own antibodies to be produced
  • this is both active and passive!
37
Q

Hazards of immunity

A
  • inadvertent injury to the host
  • development of autoimmunity
  • hypersensitivity reactions
38
Q

Body sites and tissues that are immune privileged

A
  • Eye
  • Brain: ventricles and striatum
  • pregnant uterus
  • testes and ovary
  • adrenal cortex
  • hair follicles
  • hamster cheek pouch
  • certain tumors
39
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions

A

ACID

  • type I: allergy/immediate
  • type II: cell-bound/cytotoxic
  • type III:immune complex
  • type IV: delayed
40
Q

What kind of responses are all of the ACID hypersensitivity reactions

A

Secondary responses and more than one can take place at the same time

41
Q

Which hypersensitivity reactions ate antibody mediated

A

Type I, II, III

42
Q

What type of hypersensitive reaction is cell mediated

A

Type IV: delayed

43
Q

What is the only hypersensitivity reaction that is mediated by IgE?

A

Allergy/immediate (type I)

44
Q

Mechanism of type I (allergy/immediate) reaction

A

Allergen cross links mast cell-bound IgE, triggers degranulation

45
Q

Clinical presentation of type I hypersensitivity reaction

A

Anaphylaxis, atopy, asthma, hives, hay fever

46
Q

Clinical presentation of type II hypersensitivity reaction (cell-bound/cytotoxic)

A

Transfusion reaction, immune hemolytic anemia, erythroblastosis fetalis, graves, myesthenia gravis, graft rejection

47
Q

Mechanism of type II (cell-bound/cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reaction

A

Complement-activating contibodies (IgM/IgG) bind to cells and trigger lysis

48
Q

Clinical presentation of type III hypersenitivity reaction (immune complex)

A

Serum sickness, arthus reaction, SLE, RA, poststeptococcal glomerulonephritis, farmers lung, vasculitis

49
Q

Mechanism of type III hypersensitivity reaction (immune complexly)

A

Circulating immune complexes contains complement fixing antibodies (IgG)

50
Q

Which types of hypersensitivity reactions use complement

A

Type II and III

51
Q

Clinical presentation of type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction

A

TB skin test, contact dermatitis, celiac disease, type I DM, MS, graft rejection

52
Q

Mechanism for type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction

A

Sensitized lymphocytes

Immunology Block 5 (11 decks)

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