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Immunology Block 5 > Antibodies-antibody Classes, And Immunity > Flashcards

Antibodies-antibody Classes, And Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

T-helper subsets

A

TH0 (undetermined T-helper)

  • TH1
  • TH2
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2
Q

Which T helper cell regulates cellular immunity?

A

TH1
-delayed type hypersensitivity
Macrophages invasion

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3
Q

What type of T helper cell regulates humoral immunity

A

TH2

  • antibodies
  • allergic responses
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4
Q

Antibody shape

A

Large Y shaped glycoprotein (lots of AA)

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5
Q

What are antibodies produced by

A

B cells

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6
Q

What ar the components of antibodies

A

Two heavy chains
Two light chains
Two cleavable fragments

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7
Q

What are the two heavy chains on antibodies

A
  • AA sequence determines isotype (IgG…etc)

- unique to each class

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8
Q

What determines the iostype of an antibody (IgG, IgM..etc)

A

AA sequence on heavy chains

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9
Q

What are the two light chains in antibodies

A
  • either kappa or lambda

- shared by all classes

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10
Q

Two cleavable fragments on antibodies

A
  • Fab-antigen binding

- Fc-tail that cells go after

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11
Q

Where do macrophages attach to antibodies?

A

Fc-site

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12
Q

What holds the heavy chains together?

A

Disulfide

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13
Q

What kind of immune response is IgG?

A

Secondary

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14
Q

Structure of IgG

A

Monomers

-subclasses differ in # of disulfide bonds and hinge length

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15
Q

What is the major Ig in plasma?

A

IgG

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16
Q

What is the only Ig class to cross placenta via Fcy receptors

A

IgG

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17
Q

What do IgG bind to

A

APCs and PMNs via Fcy receptors

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18
Q

What two antibodies fix complement

A

IgG and IgM

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19
Q

Structure of IgM

A

Pentamer

-J chain connected 5 identical u monomers

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20
Q

What is the third most common Ig in plasma

A

IgM

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21
Q

Firs Ig to be made in fetus, and first to be made by virgin Ag-stimulated B-cells

A

IgM

Primary immune response

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22
Q

Structure of IgA

A

Monomers and dimers

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23
Q

Where is the monomer form of IgA found

A

Plasma

24
Q

Where is the dimmer form of IgA founds

A

Secretions

25
Q

What connects the IgA monomers

A

J chain

26
Q

Secretory piece in IgA

A
  • made in epithelial cells
  • aids in transport and protects from degradation
  • help it secrete in tears, saliva, etc
27
Q

What is the second most common Ig in plasma

A

IgA

28
Q

Major class of Ig in secretions, important in mucosal immunity

A

IgA

29
Q

Does IgA fix complement

A

No

Found in places you don’t want inflammation! GI

30
Q

Where is IgD primarily found

A

On B cell surfaces

-receptor for antigen

31
Q

What happens if an antigen binds IgD?

A

It’ll pull it inside the B cell

Can ingest and present

32
Q

Structure of IgE

A

Monomer

33
Q

Least common Ig in plasma

A

IgE

34
Q

Binds tightly to Fce receptors on basophils and mast cells

A

IgE

35
Q

Where are mast cells always located

A

Tissues

36
Q

What happens to blood pressure in allergic reaction

A

IgE binds to allergen, causes mast cell to produce histamine

-drops BP DRASTICALLY

37
Q

Involved in allergic reactions

A

IgE

38
Q

Involved in parasitic infections

A

IgE

-binding of eosinophils to IgE-coated parasites results in killing of the parasites

39
Q

What releases histamine

A

Mast cells

40
Q

What arms the mast cells, waiting to bind to allergens

A

IgE

41
Q

IgE is docked on

A

Mast cells

  • allergen crosslinks IgE
  • inflammatory mediators are released
42
Q

What do all antibodies do

A

Neutralize and agglutinate

43
Q

Why does primary response take a long time

A
  • producing own antibodies

- IgM to IgG switch takes some time

44
Q

What causes the IgM/IgG switch

A

Controlled by interleukins and co stimulators signals from TH2 cells

45
Q

What predominates in mucosal immunity

A

IgA

46
Q

Viral window in HIV

A

Long viral window, wont produce antibody for up to 6 months

47
Q

What is viral window

A

Infected, but hasn’t made any antibodies yet

48
Q

What’s the difference between active and passive immunization

A

Artificial is with altered agent or its antigens

Passive is with antibodies

49
Q

Active immunity

A

Making own antibodies

50
Q

Passive immunity

A

Receiving other antibodies

51
Q

Immediate but short lived

A

Passive immunity

52
Q

Artificial passive vaccines

A
  • immunoglobins

- antivenom/antitoxin

53
Q

Artificial active vaccines

A
  • live
  • killed/fixed
  • toxoid
  • subunit
  • DNA
54
Q

Natural active

A

Natural infection

55
Q

Post rabies prophylaxis

A
  • RIG + antigen
  • helps make one antibodies
  • RIG: if already had exposure

Immunology Block 5 (11 decks)

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