Innate Immunity Flashcards
Innate immunity
- Natural/inborn
- no lag period
- targets microbes (patterns)
- no memory (same response each time)
- self tolerant
Adaptive immunity
- acquired/adaptive
- a lag period
- targets antigens (identifies epitopes)
- develops memory
- self tolerant
What is innate immunity for
Structures shared by classes of microbes
What are the receptors that innate immunity likes
Toll-like receptors
Which type if immunity mutates a lot
Adaptive
Which immunity is a powerful early defense mechanism?
Innate immunity
Innate immunity barriers
- physical barriers
- cells
- chemical barriers
What do phagocytes do for innate
Target microbe structures
What may innate immunity be triggered by
Injured host cells
Anatomical and chemical barriers of innate
- mechanical
- chemical
- biological
Cellular components of innate
- neutrophils
- monocytes and macrophages (the presenting is NOT innate, just eating)
- NK cells
- Eosinophils
Plasma proteins involved with innate
Cytokines
Complement
Mechanism of skin in innate
Physical barrier
Mechanism of mucous in innate (chemical factor)
Low pH lysozyme (tears and saliva)
Mechanism of skin and mucous membrane (biological factor)
Produce antimicrobial substances that compete for nutrients and colonization
Function of neutrophil in innate
Phagocytosis and intracellular killing inflammation and debris meant
Function of monocyes (macrophages) in innate
Phagocytosis and intracellular killings, plus antigen presentation for specific immune response in adaptive
Function of NK cells in innate
Killing of virus infects and altered self targets
Function if eosinophils in innate
Killing of certain parasites and involved in allergies, reacts to IgG
Mast cells make
Histamine
What are the most abundant WBC?
Neutrophils and leukocytes
Other names for neutrophils
PMNs and SEGs
What is first at the title of infection and injury
Neutrophils
How do macrophages exist in blood
As monocytes
Are there any macrophages in the blood?
No
Where do monocytes become macrophages?
In tissues
What do macrophages produce
Cytokines and chemokines
Diapedisis
Moving though tissues
Increase adhesion factor expression and act on hypothalamus (pyrogens)
IL-1
Active process initiated by binding to pathogen, pathogen recognized, internalized, and digested
Phagocytosis
Microbial molecular patterns recognition
- Lipopolysaccharides (LPS/endotoxin)-shared by gram negative rods (TLR-4)
- flagellin (TLR-3)
- dsRNA-nucleic acid of select viruses (TLR-3)
PAMPs vs PRRs
- PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) are microbe associated
- PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) are phagocyte associated
Innate recognition of foreign invaders
!!!!!!!
PAMPs and PRRs are toll like receptors !!!!!!!!
What is ultimately responsible for killing of microbes
ROS and NO
What kills ingested bacteria
ROS and NO
Phagocyte migration
Phagocytes home on scent of bacteria
-PMNs placed near bacteria charge out like a posse after bad guys
After ingestion, macrophage kills the organism via
Oxidative burst
ROS and NO
Mechanism of complement
- lyse
- inflammation
- chemotaxis
- opsonin
Mechanism of lysozyme
Breaks down bacteria for iron
Mechanism of cytokines
Various effects
What are the two complement pathways that are innate
- alternative pathway
- lectin pathway
Innate, recognizes pathogen directly
What is the complement pathways that is part of the adaptive immunity
-classical pathway
Acquired, requires antibodies
C3A and C5A cause inflammation and anaphylactic shock
What do activated macrophages secrete
Proinflammatory cytokines
What are two important proinflammatory cytokines
TNF-a and IL-6
Local effect of TNF-a
Activates vasc endothelium; increases vascular permeability, leads to increased entry of IgG, complement and cells
Systemic effect of TNF-a
Fever, mobilization of metabolites of shock
IL-6 local effects
Lymphocytes activation, increased antibody production
Systemic effects of IL-6
Fever, induces acute phase proteins from liver
What is similar about IL-6 and TNF-a with their systemic effects?
Both induce fever
What is different about TNF-a and IL-g in their systemic effects
- TNF-a: mobilization of metabolites of shock
- IL-6 acute phase proteins from liver
A blood bio maker of inflammation
CRP and ESR
