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Immunology Block 5 > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Innate immunity

A
  • Natural/inborn
  • no lag period
  • targets microbes (patterns)
  • no memory (same response each time)
  • self tolerant
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2
Q

Adaptive immunity

A
  • acquired/adaptive
  • a lag period
  • targets antigens (identifies epitopes)
  • develops memory
  • self tolerant
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3
Q

What is innate immunity for

A

Structures shared by classes of microbes

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4
Q

What are the receptors that innate immunity likes

A

Toll-like receptors

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5
Q

Which type if immunity mutates a lot

A

Adaptive

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6
Q

Which immunity is a powerful early defense mechanism?

A

Innate immunity

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7
Q

Innate immunity barriers

A
  • physical barriers
  • cells
  • chemical barriers
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8
Q

What do phagocytes do for innate

A

Target microbe structures

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9
Q

What may innate immunity be triggered by

A

Injured host cells

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10
Q

Anatomical and chemical barriers of innate

A
  • mechanical
  • chemical
  • biological
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11
Q

Cellular components of innate

A
  • neutrophils
  • monocytes and macrophages (the presenting is NOT innate, just eating)
  • NK cells
  • Eosinophils
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12
Q

Plasma proteins involved with innate

A

Cytokines

Complement

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13
Q

Mechanism of skin in innate

A

Physical barrier

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14
Q

Mechanism of mucous in innate (chemical factor)

A

Low pH lysozyme (tears and saliva)

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15
Q

Mechanism of skin and mucous membrane (biological factor)

A

Produce antimicrobial substances that compete for nutrients and colonization

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16
Q

Function of neutrophil in innate

A

Phagocytosis and intracellular killing inflammation and debris meant

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17
Q

Function of monocyes (macrophages) in innate

A

Phagocytosis and intracellular killings, plus antigen presentation for specific immune response in adaptive

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18
Q

Function of NK cells in innate

A

Killing of virus infects and altered self targets

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19
Q

Function if eosinophils in innate

A

Killing of certain parasites and involved in allergies, reacts to IgG

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20
Q

Mast cells make

A

Histamine

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21
Q

What are the most abundant WBC?

A

Neutrophils and leukocytes

22
Q

Other names for neutrophils

A

PMNs and SEGs

23
Q

What is first at the title of infection and injury

A

Neutrophils

24
Q

How do macrophages exist in blood

A

As monocytes

25
Are there any macrophages in the blood?
No
26
Where do monocytes become macrophages?
In tissues
27
What do macrophages produce
Cytokines and chemokines
28
Diapedisis
Moving though tissues
29
Increase adhesion factor expression and act on hypothalamus (pyrogens)
IL-1
30
Active process initiated by binding to pathogen, pathogen recognized, internalized, and digested
Phagocytosis
31
Microbial molecular patterns recognition
- Lipopolysaccharides (LPS/endotoxin)-shared by gram negative rods (TLR-4) - flagellin (TLR-3) - dsRNA-nucleic acid of select viruses (TLR-3)
32
PAMPs vs PRRs
- PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) are microbe associated - PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) are phagocyte associated
33
Innate recognition of foreign invaders !!!!!!!
PAMPs and PRRs are toll like receptors !!!!!!!!
34
What is ultimately responsible for killing of microbes
ROS and NO
35
What kills ingested bacteria
ROS and NO
36
Phagocyte migration
Phagocytes home on scent of bacteria | -PMNs placed near bacteria charge out like a posse after bad guys
37
After ingestion, macrophage kills the organism via
Oxidative burst | ROS and NO
38
Mechanism of complement
- lyse - inflammation - chemotaxis - opsonin
39
Mechanism of lysozyme
Breaks down bacteria for iron
40
Mechanism of cytokines
Various effects
41
What are the two complement pathways that are innate
- alternative pathway - lectin pathway Innate, recognizes pathogen directly
42
What is the complement pathways that is part of the adaptive immunity
-classical pathway Acquired, requires antibodies C3A and C5A cause inflammation and anaphylactic shock
43
What do activated macrophages secrete
Proinflammatory cytokines
44
What are two important proinflammatory cytokines
TNF-a and IL-6
45
Local effect of TNF-a
Activates vasc endothelium; increases vascular permeability, leads to increased entry of IgG, complement and cells
46
Systemic effect of TNF-a
Fever, mobilization of metabolites of shock
47
IL-6 local effects
Lymphocytes activation, increased antibody production
48
Systemic effects of IL-6
Fever, induces acute phase proteins from liver
49
What is similar about IL-6 and TNF-a with their systemic effects?
Both induce fever
50
What is different about TNF-a and IL-g in their systemic effects
- TNF-a: mobilization of metabolites of shock | - IL-6 acute phase proteins from liver
51
A blood bio maker of inflammation
CRP and ESR

Immunology Block 5 (11 decks)

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