Innate Immunity

Question 1

Innate immunity

Answer 1

• Natural/inborn
• no lag period
• targets microbes (patterns)
• no memory (same response each time)
• self tolerant

Question 2

Adaptive immunity

Answer 2

• acquired/adaptive
• a lag period
• targets antigens (identifies epitopes)
• develops memory
• self tolerant

Question 3

What is innate immunity for

Answer 3

Structures shared by classes of microbes

Question 4

What are the receptors that innate immunity likes

Answer 4

Toll-like receptors

Question 5

Which type if immunity mutates a lot

Answer 5

Adaptive

Question 6

Which immunity is a powerful early defense mechanism?

Answer 6

Innate immunity

Question 7

Innate immunity barriers

Answer 7

• physical barriers
• cells
• chemical barriers

Question 8

What do phagocytes do for innate

Answer 8

Target microbe structures

Question 9

What may innate immunity be triggered by

Answer 9

Injured host cells

Question 10

Anatomical and chemical barriers of innate

Answer 10

• mechanical
• chemical
• biological

Question 11

Cellular components of innate

Answer 11

• neutrophils
• monocytes and macrophages (the presenting is NOT innate, just eating)
• NK cells
• Eosinophils

Question 12

Plasma proteins involved with innate

Answer 12

Cytokines

Complement

Question 13

Mechanism of skin in innate

Answer 13

Physical barrier

Question 14

Mechanism of mucous in innate (chemical factor)

Answer 14

Low pH lysozyme (tears and saliva)

Question 15

Mechanism of skin and mucous membrane (biological factor)

Answer 15

Produce antimicrobial substances that compete for nutrients and colonization

Question 16

Function of neutrophil in innate

Answer 16

Phagocytosis and intracellular killing inflammation and debris meant

Question 17

Function of monocyes (macrophages) in innate

Answer 17

Phagocytosis and intracellular killings, plus antigen presentation for specific immune response in adaptive

Question 18

Function of NK cells in innate

Answer 18

Killing of virus infects and altered self targets

Question 19

Function if eosinophils in innate

Answer 19

Killing of certain parasites and involved in allergies, reacts to IgG

Question 20

Mast cells make

Answer 20

Histamine

Question 21

What are the most abundant WBC?

Answer 21

Neutrophils and leukocytes

Question 22

Other names for neutrophils

Answer 22

PMNs and SEGs

Question 23

What is first at the title of infection and injury

Answer 23

Neutrophils

Question 24

How do macrophages exist in blood

Answer 24

As monocytes

Question 25

Are there any macrophages in the blood?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Where do monocytes become macrophages?

Answer 26

In tissues

Question 27

What do macrophages produce

Answer 27

Cytokines and chemokines

Question 28

Diapedisis

Answer 28

Moving though tissues

Question 29

Increase adhesion factor expression and act on hypothalamus (pyrogens)

Answer 29

IL-1

Question 30

Active process initiated by binding to pathogen, pathogen recognized, internalized, and digested

Answer 30

Phagocytosis

Question 31

Microbial molecular patterns recognition

Answer 31

• Lipopolysaccharides (LPS/endotoxin)-shared by gram negative rods (TLR-4)
• flagellin (TLR-3)
• dsRNA-nucleic acid of select viruses (TLR-3)

Question 32

PAMPs vs PRRs

Answer 32

• PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) are microbe associated
• PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) are phagocyte associated

Question 33

Innate recognition of foreign invaders

!!!!!!!

Answer 33

PAMPs and PRRs are toll like receptors !!!!!!!!

Question 34

What is ultimately responsible for killing of microbes

Answer 34

ROS and NO

Question 35

What kills ingested bacteria

Answer 35

ROS and NO

Question 36

Phagocyte migration

Answer 36

Phagocytes home on scent of bacteria

-PMNs placed near bacteria charge out like a posse after bad guys

Question 37

After ingestion, macrophage kills the organism via

Answer 37

Oxidative burst

ROS and NO

Question 38

Mechanism of complement

Answer 38

• lyse
• inflammation
• chemotaxis
• opsonin

Question 39

Mechanism of lysozyme

Answer 39

Breaks down bacteria for iron

Question 40

Mechanism of cytokines

Answer 40

Various effects

Question 41

What are the two complement pathways that are innate

Answer 41

• alternative pathway
• lectin pathway

Innate, recognizes pathogen directly

Question 42

What is the complement pathways that is part of the adaptive immunity

Answer 42

-classical pathway

Acquired, requires antibodies

C3A and C5A cause inflammation and anaphylactic shock

Question 43

What do activated macrophages secrete

Answer 43

Proinflammatory cytokines

Question 44

What are two important proinflammatory cytokines

Answer 44

TNF-a and IL-6

Question 45

Local effect of TNF-a

Answer 45

Activates vasc endothelium; increases vascular permeability, leads to increased entry of IgG, complement and cells

Question 46

Systemic effect of TNF-a

Answer 46

Fever, mobilization of metabolites of shock

Question 47

IL-6 local effects

Answer 47

Lymphocytes activation, increased antibody production

Question 48

Systemic effects of IL-6

Answer 48

Fever, induces acute phase proteins from liver

Question 49

What is similar about IL-6 and TNF-a with their systemic effects?

Answer 49

Both induce fever

Question 50

What is different about TNF-a and IL-g in their systemic effects

Answer 50

• TNF-a: mobilization of metabolites of shock

- IL-6 acute phase proteins from liver

Question 51

A blood bio maker of inflammation

Answer 51

CRP and ESR