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Immunology Block 5 > Immunologucal Tolerance And Autoimmunity BLOCK 6 > Flashcards

Immunologucal Tolerance And Autoimmunity BLOCK 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Tolerance to non self

A
  • will not develop MHC Ab if exposed enough

- or if body is overwhelmingly over attacked. Can give wrong blood type to prevent death

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2
Q

Specific immunological unresponsiveness triggered by previous exposure to a specific antigen

A

Tolerance

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3
Q

Antigens that induce tolerance

A

Tolerogens

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4
Q

Tolerance is _________ and results from the recognition of antigens by specific lymphocytes

A

Antigen specific

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5
Q

Normal people show _______

A

Self tolerance

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6
Q

Foreign bodies may be administered in ways that preferentially inhibit immune response by inducing tolerance in specific lymphocytes

A

Antigen induction

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7
Q

Similarities of induction of tolerance to induction of immunity

A
  • tolerance is an antigen-induced active process
  • tolerance is antigen specific
  • tolerance can exist in B cells, T cells or both
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8
Q

Tolerance can exist in what

A

B cells, T cells or both

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9
Q

Any conduction in which there is a deficiency or inability to mount a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response

A

Immunodeficiency

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10
Q

What does immunodeficiency lack

A

Specificity to antigen

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11
Q

The suppression of immune responses to antigens due to physical or checmical insults

A

Immunosuppression

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12
Q

Immunosuppression lacks

A

Specificity to antigen

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13
Q

When there is no tolerance

A

Immunodeficiency

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14
Q

Antigen factors

A
  • antigen dose
  • physical monomer (better than aggregates)
  • route of administration
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15
Q

Host factors in immunological tolerance

A
  • hereditary
  • age
  • gender
  • health
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16
Q

Dose of antigen that favors immune response

A

Optimal dose

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17
Q

Dose ofantigen that favors tolerance

A

Very large or very small dose

18
Q

Physical form of antigen to favor immune response

A

Large, aggregated complex

19
Q

Physical form of antigen that favors tolerance

A

Not processed

20
Q

Administration route that favors immune response

A

Subcutaneous or intramuscular

21
Q

Age of responding animal that favors immune response

A

Adult

22
Q

Age of animal that favors tolerance

A

Newborn

23
Q

Occurs in the central lymphoid organs as a consequence of immature self-reactive lymphocytes recognizing ubiquitous SELF TOLERANCE

A

Central tolerance

  • thymus for T cells
  • Bone marrow for B cells
24
Q

Induced in peripheral organs as a result of matur eeself reactive lymphocytes encountering tissue specific self antigens under particular conditions.

A

Peripheral tolerance

Outside bone marrow and thymus

25
Q

Physical deletion/elimination of T cells tha have receptors specific for self antigens

A

Colonial deletion (apoptotic cell death)

26
Q

How does clonal deletion work

A

Via negative selection

27
Q

What does clonal deletion results in what

A

Self tolerance

28
Q

Lack of co-stimulators signals

A

Clonal anergy

29
Q

Clonal anergy is the action of

A

Regulatory (suppressor) lymphocytes

30
Q

A failure to control the function of self-reactive cells which escaped to the periphery, results in

A

Autoimmune disease. Tolerance fails

31
Q

Type I DM is what

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity, AI

32
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

AI

Type II hypersensitivity

33
Q

Antibodies against the receptors can ________ or _______ the receptor in autoimmune disease

A

Activate

Destroy

34
Q

Is autoimmune disease always destructive?

A

No

35
Q

What is an example of an AI that activation occurs

A

Grave’s disease

Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor agonist

36
Q

What is an example of destructive AI

A

Myasthenia Gravis

Ach receptor antagonist

37
Q

What’s the difference between Graves Vs Hashimotos

A

Hashimotos turns thyroid to hash, HYPOthyroidism

38
Q

What does Graves’ disease result in

A

hyperthyroidism

39
Q

What does Myasthenia Gravis result in

A

Progressive weakness

40
Q

Destruction of thyroid by thyroid specific antibodies. The “brake”, results in hypothyroidism

A

Hashimotos

41
Q

Antithyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody. The “gas” pedal. Hyperthyroidism

A

Graves’ disease

42
Q

Immunologically privileged sites

A
  • brain
  • eye
  • testes/ovaries
  • uterus

Immunology Block 5 (11 decks)

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