Transmission and stages of disease

Question 1

colonisation

Answer 1

presence if microbes

Question 2

disease

Answer 2

infection that can harm the host

Question 3

Virulence

Answer 3

the ability of a pathogenic to infect a host and cause disease

Question 4

Fomite

Answer 4

non-living object that can transfer pathogens for a short time

Question 5

Reservoir

Answer 5

site where microorganism can survive before infecting their host (humans, animals, environment such as food water soil etc)

Question 6

carriers

Answer 6

people who harbour pathogens without showing signs/symptoms

Question 7

when can a pathogen cause infection (3 ways)

Answer 7

Compromised immune system (older and younger people)
where it gains access it normally wouldn’t have access to
and when someone is on antibiotics

Question 8

Portal of exit

Answer 8

secretions, blood,vaginal secretions/semen, faeces/urine

Question 9

Zoonoses

Answer 9

conditions of animals that get passed onto humans such as swine flu SARS HIV ebola

Question 10

Environmental Reservoirs: Water

Answer 10

can be contaminated by human faeces or animals causing digestive system diseases

Question 11

Environment Reservoirs : Soil

Answer 11

harbours fungal (ringworm) and bacterial (clostridium tetenei) pathogens

Question 12

Transmission : Contact

Answer 12

Direct touching someone
indirect standing on needle
droplets less than 1 m
vertical (mum to baby)

Question 13

Transmission : vehicle

Answer 13

Waterborne faecal matter in water
airborne aerosols e.g water droplet clouds and travel more than one metre
food borne poor health inspection etc

Question 14

Transmission: Vector

Answer 14

insect carrying disease causing organism e.g salmonella or malaria

Question 15

Chain of infection

Answer 15

1. infectious agent
2. reservoir
3. portal of exit
4. mode of transmission
5. Portal of entry
6. host