Microbiology

Question 1

some microbes are

Answer 1

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Protozoa
• Algae
• Prions
• Helminths

Question 2

Bacterial Cells are

Answer 2

prokaryotic cells :

• no membrane bound nucleus
• no membrane bound organelles
• have cell wall

Question 3

Bacteria Capsule

Answer 3

• slime layer that helps it stick to host and protects it from antibiotics and being engulfed by white cells and prevents it from drying out.

Question 4

Bacteria cell wall

Answer 4

• maintains the shape and protects it from bursting

Question 5

Bacteria Cell membrane

Answer 5

• performs some function done by organelles in human cells (eukaryotes)

Question 6

Bacteria ribosomes

Answer 6

• smaller than eukaryotes some antibiotics can disrupt protein synthesis

Question 7

Bacteria chromosome

Answer 7

• larger and circular, contains genetic material to control the cell

Question 8

Bacteria Flagellum

Answer 8

• creates a propeller like movement to help the cell reach for food

Question 9

Bacteria timbre

Answer 9

• tiny hair-like structure to stick to host

Question 10

bacteria Pili

Answer 10

used to transfer genetic material between other bacteria

Question 11

Gram negative bacteria

Answer 11

provides barrier to ABs

Question 12

Gram Positive bacteria

Answer 12

thick and covers the cell membrane

Question 13

Biofilms

Answer 13

co-ordinated functional communities of microbes in a matrix of polysaccharides and hydrogel and attach to a surface such as teeth and provides access to nutrients

Question 14

How do microbes grow

Answer 14

binary vision (cell splits into 2)

Question 15

Lag phase Prodromal period

Answer 15

when bacteria produces enzymes etc for growth, slow multiplication

Question 16

Log Phase Acute/invasive

Answer 16

bacteria multiply rapidly

Question 17

Stationary phase

Answer 17

nutrients are exhausted and wastes accumulating

Question 18

death phase decline/convalescence

Answer 18

bacteria start to die off and tissues recover

Question 19

How is growth increased

Answer 19

Water/moist environment, isotonic surroundings, oxygen, Temp of 37 centigrade, level 7, nutrients, stable environments.

Question 20

Role of fungi

Answer 20

decompose and recycle nutrientsand some produce antibacterial properties

Question 21

Candida albicans

Answer 21

opportunist normal flora

Question 22

Protozoa

Answer 22

single eukaryotic celled animals absorb nutrients from host,can cause malaria etc

Question 23

Prions (proteinaceous infectious particle)

Answer 23

begin as normal proteins that fold incorrectly that clump together eventually killing the brain cell

Question 24

helminths

Answer 24

worms that enter humans by eating contaminated food/water

Question 25

Parasites

Answer 25

fleas ticks, lice & scabies that live off of the host and cause itching and sores

Question 26

Microbiology is

Answer 26

the study of organisms too small without a microscope