Transition zones

Question 1

What is another way of implying occipitalization of C1?

Answer 1

atlas assimilation

Question 2

What is the incidence of occipilization of C1?

Answer 2

0.1% to 0.8%

Question 3

When do the centers of ossification centers for the odontoid process first appear?

Answer 3

during the last trimester in utero

Question 4

When do the bilateral ossification centers for the odontoid process fuse?

Answer 4

at or shortly after birth

Question 5

What joint is formed between the odontoid process ossification centers and the centrum of C2?

Answer 5

the subdental synchondrosis

Question 6

Ossification between the odontoid process and centrum joint of C2 appears at what age?

Answer 6

4 years old

Question 7

A joint between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 is last identified at what age?

Answer 7

7 years old

Question 8

What is the name given to the condition in which the joint formed between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 persists beyond age 7?

Answer 8

os odontoideum

Question 9

What is the name given to the joint between the odontoid process and centrum of C2 which is still evident beyond age 7?

Answer 9

persistent subdental synchondrosis

Question 10

What is the name given to the joint formed between the tip of the dens and the odontoid process centers of ossification?

Answer 10

tip of the dsens synchondrosis

Question 11

At what age will the tip of the dens center of ossification appear?

Answer 11

sometimes in early adolescent

Question 12

At what age will the tip of the dens fuse with the odontoid process?

Answer 12

before age 12

Question 13

If the joint formed between the tip of the dens and odontoid process centers of ossification persists beyond age 12, what is the condition called?

Answer 13

terminal ossicle

Question 14

What is a basilar impression??

Answer 14

persistence of the nonunion of the basilar ad condylar parts of the chondrocranium such that the cartilage deforms due to the weight of the brain

Question 15

What is the basilar invagination?

Answer 15

the upper cervical spine appears to be invaginated into the skull n x-ray analysis

Question 16

What is the incidence of rib-related changes following dorsalization of C7?

Answer 16

from one-haf to two and one-haf percent of the population

Question 17

Do patents typically present with symptoms specific for dorsalization of C7?

Answer 17

no, they are typically asymptomatic

Question 18

What is the gender bias suggested in dorsalization of C7?

Answer 18

female

Question 19

What alteration in C7 facet orientation may accompany dorsalization?

Answer 19

the superior articular facet of C7 may change back, upward, and medial to that of a typical thoracic facet. . . back, upward, and lateral; the inferior articular facet is unchanged.

Question 20

What percent of the population may demonstrate thoracic-like features of C7?

Answer 20

up to 46%

Question 21

What T1 facet orientation changes mat accompany cervicalization?

Answer 21

the superior articular facet may change from back, upward, lateral to back, upward, and medial; the inferior articular facet is unchanged

Question 22

What is the incidence of cervicalization of T1 in population?

Answer 22

up to 28% of the population

Question 23

What is the incidence of lumbar ribs in the population?

Answer 23

over 7% of the population demonstrates lumbar ribs

Question 24

What L1 facet orientation change may accompany dorsalization?

Answer 24

the superior articular facet may change from concave, back, upward, and medial to flat, backward, upward, and lateral; the inferior articular facet is unchanged

Question 25

What is the gender bias associated with dorsalization of L1?

Answer 25

males are two to three times ore affected

Question 26

What T12 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization?

Answer 26

the superior articular facet may change from flat, back, upward, and lateral to concave, back, upward, and medial; the inferior articular facet is unchanged

Question 27

What T11 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization?

Answer 27

the inferior articular facet may change from flat, forward, medal, and downward to convex, forward, lateral, and downward; the superior articular facet is unchanged

Question 28

What is the usual way of identifying the number of cervicals, thoracics and lumbar vertebrae during imaging studies?

Answer 28

identifying the vertebrae with ribs - they will be thoracics; those higher are cervicals, those lower are lumbars

Question 29

What is chracteristic of lumbarization of S1?

Answer 29

the failure of synostosis between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala

Question 30

what is failure of synostosis between S1 and S2?

Answer 30

the segments do not completely fuse together

Question 31

What is the squaring of the vertebral body of S1?

Answer 31

the S1 vertebral body has similar anterior and posterior heights, hence a lack of wedging

Question 32

What is flaring of the sacral ala?

Answer 32

the transverse process of the ala appears to elevate as though separating from the rest of the sacral ala

Question 33

What articular facet changes accompany lumbarization of S1?

Answer 33

none

Question 34

What s characteristic of sacralization of L5?

Answer 34

L5 may be partially or completely fused to the sacrum

Question 35

What is the incidence of sacralization of L5 in the population?

Answer 35

41% to 855

Question 36

Which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine?

Answer 36

L5

Question 37

What articular facet changes accompany sacralization of L5?

Answer 37

nobe

Question 38

What is the incidence of variation within the sacrococcygeal region in the population?

Answer 38

up to 14%

Question 39

What is characteristic if sacralization of Co1?

Answer 39

the premature fusion of Co1 to the sacrum

Question 40

What is characteristic of coccygealization of S5?

Answer 40

separation of S5 from sacrum and its´premature fusion to Co1

Question 41

What is/are the characteristic(s) of occipitalization of C1.

Answer 41

the atlas may be partially or completely fused to the occiput