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spinal anatomy > Cervical Region > Flashcards

Cervical Region Flashcards

0
Q

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

two-toed sloth, manatee

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1
Q

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

ant bear, three-toed sloth

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2
Q

What is the umber of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine?

A

seven segments

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3
Q

Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?

A

C1, C2, C7

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4
Q

What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?

A

rectangular

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5
Q

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

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6
Q

What would be the direction of the cervical curved based on osseous features?

A

posterior or kyphotic

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7
Q

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

the intervertebral disc height

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8
Q

at which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

A

C5/C6

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9
Q

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

anterior or lordotic

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10
Q

What is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body?

A

it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body

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11
Q

what are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes

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12
Q

What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim?

A

unicinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip

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13
Q

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

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14
Q

At what developmental age will the uncinate process first be observed?

A

3rd -4th fetal month

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15
Q

What are the names given to the lateral modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim?

A

lateral groove or enchancrure

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16
Q

What is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior groove articulation?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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17
Q

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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18
Q

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation??

A

modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

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19
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

five

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20
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

A

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

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22
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

five

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22
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

four

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23
Q

how many joint surface are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

ten

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24
Q

What other term is used to identify the lateral groove?

A

enchancrure

25
Q

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

26
Q

What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?

A

it appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion - extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

27
Q

What does the recent literature suggest as to the nature of the joint of Luschka?

A

the joint is representative of intervertebral disc aging, which results in loss of lamellar integrity near the joint

28
Q

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

A

the longus colli muscle

29
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical

A

posterolateral, 45 degrees

30
Q

At what location on the vertebral body of a typical cervical will the pedicle attach?

A

to the side and in the center of the vertebral body

31
Q

what surface feature is located at the upper margin of the pedicle?

A

superior vertebral notch

32
Q

the joint of Luschka is formed from what surfaces?

A

the uncinate process and lateral groove

33
Q

The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at ???

A

C6

34
Q

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

A

C5/C6

35
Q

List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body.

A

costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

36
Q

what muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii

37
Q

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical vertebra?

A

splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransversarii

38
Q

what muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

A

middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii

39
Q

What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?

A

sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

40
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?

A

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)

41
Q

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

the carotid tubercle

42
Q

What will cause remodeling of the anterior tubercle at C6?

A

the common carotid artery

44
Q

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

A

the vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

45
Q

What nerve indents the articular pillar of typical cervical vertebra?

A

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

46
Q

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

A

40 to 45 degrees from the coronal plane

47
Q

Recent work suggest what angulation for typical cervical articular facets?

A

55 to 60 degrees

48
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

49
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

50
Q

What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?

A

the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis and rotators

51
Q

What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?

A

the semispinalis capitis, multifidis and rotator longus

52
Q

What is the joint classification for the typical cervical zygapophysis?

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joint

53
Q

what modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?

A

meniscoidal folds

54
Q

What function will meniscoidal folds provide in cervical zygapophyses?

A

they are assumed to distribute pressure across the joint surface

55
Q

What will influence spinal kinematics?

A

geometry of articular facets, mechanical properties of connective tissue, mechanical properties of muscle

56
Q

what should be carefully considered when applying research results to a population?

A

the condition of the subject material (fresh cadaver, fixed cadaver, living subject)
the age range of the population studied
the method of measurement (X-ray, goniometer, MRI, CT, etc.)

57
Q

The greatest range of flexion- extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

A

typically C5/C6

58
Q

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

A

lateral bending and axial rotation

59
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

A

the C5/C6 vertebral couple

60
Q

What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?

A

they are bifid

61
Q

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?

A

they are non-bifid

62
Q

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A

the spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis

spinal anatomy (36 decks)

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