Cervical Region

Question 0

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

Answer 0

two-toed sloth, manatee

Question 1

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

Answer 1

ant bear, three-toed sloth

Question 2

What is the umber of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine?

Answer 2

seven segments

Question 3

Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?

Answer 3

C1, C2, C7

Question 4

What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?

Answer 4

rectangular

Question 5

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

Answer 5

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

Question 6

What would be the direction of the cervical curved based on osseous features?

Answer 6

posterior or kyphotic

Question 7

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

Answer 7

the intervertebral disc height

Question 8

at which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

Answer 8

C5/C6

Question 9

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?

Answer 9

anterior or lordotic

Question 10

What is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body?

Answer 10

it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body

Question 11

what are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

Answer 11

anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes

Question 12

What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim?

Answer 12

unicinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip

Question 13

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

Answer 13

anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

Question 14

At what developmental age will the uncinate process first be observed?

Answer 14

3rd -4th fetal month

Question 15

What are the names given to the lateral modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim?

Answer 15

lateral groove or enchancrure

Question 16

What is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior groove articulation?

Answer 16

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 17

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation?

Answer 17

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 18

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation??

Answer 18

modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

Question 19

How many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

Answer 19

five

Question 20

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

Answer 20

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

Question 22

How many joint surfaces are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

Answer 22

five

Question 22

How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

Answer 22

four

Question 23

how many joint surface are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

Answer 23

ten

Question 24

What other term is used to identify the lateral groove?

Answer 24

enchancrure

Question 25

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

Answer 25

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

Question 26

What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?

Answer 26

it appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion - extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

Question 27

What does the recent literature suggest as to the nature of the joint of Luschka?

Answer 27

the joint is representative of intervertebral disc aging, which results in loss of lamellar integrity near the joint

Question 28

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

Answer 28

the longus colli muscle

Question 29

What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical

Answer 29

posterolateral, 45 degrees

Question 30

At what location on the vertebral body of a typical cervical will the pedicle attach?

Answer 30

to the side and in the center of the vertebral body

Question 31

what surface feature is located at the upper margin of the pedicle?

Answer 31

superior vertebral notch

Question 32

the joint of Luschka is formed from what surfaces?

Answer 32

the uncinate process and lateral groove

Question 33

The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at ???

Answer 33

C6

Question 34

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

Answer 34

C5/C6

Question 35

List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body.

Answer 35

costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

Question 36

what muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

Answer 36

anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii

Question 37

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical vertebra?

Answer 37

splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransversarii

Question 38

what muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

Answer 38

middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii

Question 39

What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?

Answer 39

sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

Question 40

What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?

Answer 40

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)

Question 41

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

Answer 41

the carotid tubercle

Question 42

What will cause remodeling of the anterior tubercle at C6?

Answer 42

the common carotid artery

Question 44

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

Answer 44

the vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

Question 45

What nerve indents the articular pillar of typical cervical vertebra?

Answer 45

the medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

Question 46

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

Answer 46

40 to 45 degrees from the coronal plane

Question 47

Recent work suggest what angulation for typical cervical articular facets?

Answer 47

55 to 60 degrees

Question 48

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

Answer 48

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Question 49

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

Answer 49

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

Question 50

What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?

Answer 50

the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis and rotators

Question 51

What muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?

Answer 51

the semispinalis capitis, multifidis and rotator longus

Question 52

What is the joint classification for the typical cervical zygapophysis?

Answer 52

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodial) joint

Question 53

what modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?

Answer 53

meniscoidal folds

Question 54

What function will meniscoidal folds provide in cervical zygapophyses?

Answer 54

they are assumed to distribute pressure across the joint surface

Question 55

What will influence spinal kinematics?

Answer 55

geometry of articular facets, mechanical properties of connective tissue, mechanical properties of muscle

Question 56

what should be carefully considered when applying research results to a population?

Answer 56

the condition of the subject material (fresh cadaver, fixed cadaver, living subject) the age range of the population studied the method of measurement (X-ray, goniometer, MRI, CT, etc.)

Question 57

The greatest range of flexion- extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

Answer 57

typically C5/C6

Question 58

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

Answer 58

lateral bending and axial rotation

Question 59

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

Answer 59

the C5/C6 vertebral couple

Question 60

What is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process?

Answer 60

they are bifid

Question 61

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?

Answer 61

they are non-bifid

Question 62

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

Answer 62

the spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis