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spinal anatomy > Cervical region - Atlas/C1 > Flashcards

Cervical region - Atlas/C1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebrae?

A

atlas

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2
Q

What features are lacking at C1?

A

vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc

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3
Q

What muscles attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

A

longus colli

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4
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

A

the anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto-occipital and anterior atlanto-axial ligaments

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5
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

A

the fovea dentis

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6
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

they are elliptical, close together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

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7
Q

what is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

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8
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

asymmertical, slightly concave or flattened

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9
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, medial, downward (BMD)

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10
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

A

levator scapula, splenius vervicis and rectus capitis anterior

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11
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

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12
Q

What superior surface modifications of the posterior arch of C1 are present?

A

groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery and arcuate rim

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13
Q

What attaches to ther arcuate rim of C1?

A

the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

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14
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification?

A

accessory bone

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15
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

about age 7 years old

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16
Q

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atalanto-occipital ligament?

A

a partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus

17
Q

What forms the types of ponticulus posticus?

A

ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

18
Q

What other names may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus?

A

Kimmerle’s anomaly

19
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus??

A

arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

20
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic populations?

A

all ethnic populations studied thus far

21
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied?

A

1%-41%

22
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus?

A

female

23
Q

What joint classification(s) may be observed on the posterior artch of C1?

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint

24
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

A

costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

25
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1?

A

anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

26
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?

A

rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarii muscles

27
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

A

rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

28
Q

What are the connections between subocciptal muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

myodural bridges

29
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A

the lateral mass and the ytransverse process of atlas

30
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed

A

the retrotransverse foramen

31
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A

the vertebral artery, a branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

32
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only observed in humans?

A

lateral bridges

33
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1?

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

34
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

A

males 78 millimeters and females: 72 millimeters

35
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

A

a little over 30 millimeters for both male and females

36
Q

What joint classifications are observed at C1?

A

fibrous (amphiarthosis) syndesmosis joint, synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint, synovial pivot (diarthosis trochoid) joint and synovial plane (diarthosis arthodia) joint

37
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

five

38
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

two superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets and the fovea dentis

spinal anatomy (36 decks)

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