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spinal anatomy > Arthrology of the anterior thorax > Flashcards

Arthrology of the anterior thorax Flashcards

1
Q

How many primary centers of ossification appear in the corpus sterni?

A

typically 6

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2
Q

In what part of the sternum will a secondary enter of ossification appear?

A

the xiphoid process

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3
Q

In what part of the rib will primary centers of ossification appear?

A

the body (corpus, shaft)

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4
Q

In what parts of the rib will secondary centers of ossification appear?

A

the head, articular surface of the tubercle and the non-articular surface of the tubercle

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5
Q

Which ribs will demonstrate secondary centers of ossification?

A

ribs 1-10

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6
Q

Which rib lacks secondary centers of ossification?

A

ribs 11 and 12

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7
Q

Which ribs demonstrate three secondary centers of ossification?

A

ribs 2-9

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8
Q

Which ribs have only two secondary centers of ossification?

A

ribs 1 and 10

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9
Q

How does rib 1 differ in ossification centers from typical ribs?

A

rib 1 has two secondary centers of ossification: one for the head and one for the tubercle; typical ribs have three secondary centers of ossification

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10
Q

What are the four subclassifications of synarthrosis joints based on Latin grouping?

A

suture, gomphosis, schindylesis and syndesmosis

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11
Q

What were the five types of suture based on Latin grouping?

A

serrate, denticulate, limbous, squamous and harmonia

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura vera (true sutures)?

A

sutures demonstrating interlocking of the adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by intramembranous ossification

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of sutura notha (false sutures)?

A

sutures lacking interlocking of adjacent bone surfaces; typically formed by endochondral ossification

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14
Q

Which sutures demonstrate non-interlock, but will overlap at their edges?

A

squamous sutures

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15
Q

What were the classifications of sutura notha (false sutures) based on Latin grouping?

A

squamous and harmonia

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16
Q

What re the typical examples of the plane suture or harmonia suture?

A

cruciate suture made up of the intermaxillary, interpalatine and palto-maxillary sutures

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17
Q

What are the examples of the schindylesis type of suture?

A

sphenoid - ethmoid - vomer articulation, the palatine - maxilla - vomer articulation

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18
Q

What are the examples of the gomphosis joint?

A

maxilla - root of tooth; mandible - root of tooth

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19
Q

What are the five views of the skull called?

A

norma verticalis, norma fronta;is, norma occipitalis, norma lateralis, norma basalis

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20
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the frontal bone with both parietal bones?

A

the anterior fontanelle

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21
Q

What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones?

A

the posterior fontanelle

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22
Q

What is the norma frontalis?

A

the skull is viewed from the front

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23
Q

What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?

A

piriform aperture

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24
Q

What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?

A

cnine eminence

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25
Q

What forms a bullet-like chin?

A

a large mental protuberance

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26
Q

What forms an indented chin?

A

well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance

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27
Q

What is the appearance of suture intersections just above the zygomatic arch called?

A

the pterion

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28
Q

what bones form the pterion?

A

parietal, temporal, sphenoid and frontal

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29
Q

What points on the skull re used to measure the skull size?

A

the nasion, vertex, inion and gnathion

30
Q

What points on the skull are used to measure cranial vault capacity?

A

the nasion, vertex and inion

31
Q

the olfactory nerve exits the cranial vault via what opening?

A

cribiform plate of the ethmoid

32
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

the optic nerve and opthalmic artery

33
Q

What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

the opthalmic veins, the oculomotor nerve, the troclear nerve, the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and the middle meningeal artery

34
Q

What forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the tentorium cerebelli

35
Q

What part of the cerebrum occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

none; the tentorium cerebelli separates the cerebrum into a space above the posterior cranial fossa

36
Q

What part of the central nerve system occupies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

the cerebellum, pons, and the medulla oblongata

37
Q

What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

cranial nerves VII (facial nerve) and VIII (vestibulocochlear/auditory nerve), the nervus intermedius/nerve of Wrisberg/sensory roof of VII and the motor root of VII, the vestibular and cochlear roots of VII and the internal auditory/internal labyrinthine artery and vein

38
Q

What are the contents of the jugular foramen?

A

the jugular bulb, the inferior petrosal sinus, the tympanic body/tympanic glomus or jugular glomus, cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus) and XI (spinal accessory)

39
Q

What can the five layers of the scalp spell?

A

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose Connective Tissue, Periosteum . . . SCALP

40
Q

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

A

internal carotid and external carotid artery branches

41
Q

Which division of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

A

all 3 divisions: opthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, & mandibular nerve

42
Q

Which ventral rami branches supply the scalp?

A

greater auricular and lesser occipital scalp?

43
Q

Which dorsal ramus nerve branch ( name and cord level of origin) supplies the scalp?

A

greater occipital nerve - C2, C3 communicating ramus

44
Q

Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?

A

orbicularis oris, procerus & risorius

45
Q

What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscles innervated by the facial nerve?

A

branchial efferent (BE)

46
Q

Most of the seventh cranial nerve will exit the skull via what opening?

A

the stylomastoid foramen

47
Q

the optic canal is located along which wall of the orbit?

A

superior wall of the orbit

48
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

optic nerve & opthalmic artery

49
Q

What are the openings located along the medial wall of the orbit?

A

anterior ethmoid and posterior ethmoid foramina

50
Q

What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?

A

lamina papyracea

51
Q

The superior orbital fissure is located along which wall of the orbit?

A

lateral wall of the orbit

52
Q

What re the contents of the superior orbital fissure?

A

oculomotor, trochlear and abducent/abducens cranial nerves

opthalmic division of the trigeminal cranial nerve and opthalmic veins

53
Q

What opening(s) are located along the inferior wall of the orbit?

A

inferior orbital fissure

54
Q

What is contained in the inferior orbital fissure?

A

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

55
Q

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?

A

tarsal or Meidbomian gland

56
Q

What is the name given to the blind sac formed between the palpebral and bulbar conjuctiva?

A

the superior or inferior fornix

57
Q

What is the name given to the angle formed between the superior and inferior eyelids at their medial and lateral margins?

A

canthus

58
Q

What is the canthus?

A

the angle formed between the upper and lower eyelids at the medial and lateral margins

59
Q

What is an/a epicanthus/epicanthal fold/palpebronasal fold, Mongolian fold?

A

tissue forming the rounded margin of the medial canthus

60
Q

What specific pathways are identified with Visceral Efferent (VE) innervation?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic motor pathways

61
Q

How many neurons are involved in the Visceral Efferent pathways from CNS to target cell?

A

two motor neurons

62
Q

What is the location for the second neuron in the Visceral Efferent (VE) pathway?

A

typically a ganglion

63
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in the Visceral Efferent (VE) parasympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

facial and trigeminal (maxillary and opthalmic division/branches)

64
Q

What is the origin for the sympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

lateral horn/intermediolateral cell column T1,T2

65
Q

What is the target of the preganglionic sympathetic visceral efferent (VE) fiber in the pathway to the lacrimal gland?

A

the VE fiber ascends to the superior cervical ganglion to synapse

66
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

vasoconstriction of blood vessels, limited availability of water to secretory units, move viscous or thicker product formed in glandular lumen

67
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of targets in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen;
constriction of myoepithelial cells leading to release of product from secretory lumen into duct system

68
Q

What are the names of the layers of the eyeball?

A

fibrous tunic, uveal tract and retina

69
Q

What are the parts of the fibrous tunic of the eyeball?

A

cornea and sclera

70
Q

How many primary centers of ossification appear in the manubrium?

A

1-3 centers have been identified

spinal anatomy (36 decks)

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