additional vertebral column arthrology Flashcards
What amount of axial rotation is accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?
about three to eight degrees one side axial rotation
What amount of lateral bending is accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?
about five degrees
Which motion is best accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?
flexion - extension
What is the function of the transverse atlantal ligament?
It is primary stabilizer of the atlanto-axial joint restricting the distance of C2 from the anterior arch of C1
What movements are facilitated at the median atlanto-axial joint?
flexion - extension, rotatio, and telescoping (superior - inferior gliding)
What is the ADI?
the atlanto-dental interspace, a radiographic distance between the surfaces of the anterior bursa of the median atlanto-axial joint
What is the ADI of children compared with that of adults?
about 4.5 mm in children; a range of 2-3 mm or about 2.5 mm in adults
What are the degrees of movement facilitated at the atlanto-axial joint?
about 20 degrees flexion - extension, 40 degrees one side axial rotation, and 5 degrees of lateral bending
The occiput-C1-C2 joint complex accounts for what percent of all cervical axial rotation?
about 60%
What is the embryonic derivative of the apical ligament of the dents or the apicodental ligament?
the notochord
What is the function of the alar ligament?
together they function to resist axial rotation
What forms the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?
the membrana tectoria or tectorial membrane
List, in order, the ligaments in a midsagittal plane from the dura mater at the level of the medulla oblongata to the anterior bursa of the median atlato-axial ligament
The membrana tectoria or tectorial membrane
the cruciate ligament
the capsular ligament of the posterior bursa of the median atlanto-axial joint
the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament
For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of flexion - extension?
about 90 degrees or about 18 degrees per couple
For the cervical sine below C2, what is the range of one side lateral bending?
about 50 degrees or about 10 degrees per couple
For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of one side axial rotation?
about 33 degrees or about six degrees per couple
What are the locations for costovertebral joint on the vertebra
the costocentral joint at the vertebral body and the costotransverse joint at the transverse process
At what rib will the superior costotransverse ligament be absent?
the first rib
What ligaments will attach to the neck of the twelfth rib?
the superior costotransverse ligament from T11 and the lumbosacral ligament from L1
What amount of flexion - extension is accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?
about twenty-five degrees
What are the attachment sites for the inferior costotransverse ligament?
the neck of the rib and the transverse process of the vertebra at that level
At what rib will the inferior costotransverse ligament be absent?
the twelfth rib
What is the name of the space between the transverse process and the neck of the rib?
the costotransverse foramen
Which ligament “fills” the costotransverse foramen?
the inferior costotransverse ligament
What are the attachment site for the lateral costotransverse ligament?
the non-articular surface of the tubercle of the rib and the transverse tubercle of the transverse process of the vertebra at that level
Which vertebrae will have an attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament?
T1-T11
Which vertebra will lack an attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament?
T12
Which vertebral couples of the thoracic spine have the greatest motion?
T11/T12 and T12/L1
Which range of motion is greatest for lower thoracic vertebral couples?
flexion - extension
Which range of motion is least for lower thoracic vertebral couples?
one side axial rotation
Which ligament replace the intertransverse ligament at the lumbosacral joint?
the iliolumbar ligament and lumbosacral ligament
What muscle is intimately attached to the superior iliolumbar ligament?
quadratus lumborum
Which of the current ligaments from the ililumbar ligament complex represents the iliolumbar ligament of classical description?
the superior iliolumbar ligament
Which ligament from the iliolumbar ligament complex will attach to the sacral ala?
the inferior iliolumbar ligament
Which ligament from the iliolumbar ligament complex represents the lumbosacral ligament of classical description?
the inferior iliolumbar ligament
What are the attachment sites for the accessory iliolumbar ligament?
the transverse process of L4 and the ilic crest
Which vertebral couple of the lumbar spine has the greatest range of motion?
L5/S1
Which range of motion is greatest for all lumbar vertebral couples?
L5/S1
Which range of motion is greatest for all lumbar vertebral couples?
flexion - extension
Which range of motion is least for L1-L5 vertebral couples?
one side axial rotation
Which range of motion is least for the L5/S1 vertebral couple?
one side lateral bending
