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3 Haematology > Transfusion > Flashcards

Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

min Hb level needed for a woman to donate blood?

A

125g/L

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2
Q

min Hb level needed for a man to donate blood

A

135g/L

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3
Q

min weight required to donate blood?

A

50kg

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4
Q

what does agitation of platelets mean?

A

bag is on a rocker which shakes them all the time so they dont stick together

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5
Q

what microbiological testing is done on donated blood?

A

HIV
hep B/C/E
HTLV
syphilis

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6
Q

name blood COMPONENTS

A

red cells
FFP
platelets
cryoprecipitate

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7
Q

what are blood products derived from?

A

plasma

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8
Q

give examples of blood products

A

anti-D

prothrombin complex concentrate

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9
Q

does a blood component or blood product contain material from more than one donor?

A

blood product

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10
Q

what is an antigen?

A

any substance that can elicit an immune response

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11
Q

how do we get our blood group?

A

blood group antigen genes that we get from parents

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12
Q

the ABO system is coded for by what gene?

A

ABO gene

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13
Q

ABO gene is located on what chromosome?

A

9

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14
Q

A and B of the ABO system code for what?

A

transferases

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15
Q

if you’re blood group A, what is expressed on your red cells?

A

A antigen

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16
Q

what genotype do you have to have to be O blood group

A

OO only

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17
Q

least common blood group?

A

AB

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18
Q

what genotypes do you have to have tp be an A or B blood group

A

AO or AA

BO or BB

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19
Q

what do transferases modify?

A

H substance

20
Q

when an individual lacks A or B antigen what is produced?

A

antibodies to the other system eg if youre blood group A you’ll make anti-B antibodies

21
Q

do you have antigens on your RBCs if youre blood group O?

A

no

22
Q

why can O be transfused to anyone?

A

neither A or B antigen is expressed on those cells so any antibodies against these wont cause harm

23
Q

why cant O patients received blood from other blood groups

A

O patients still have A and B antibodies in their plasma so they will react to the antigen expressed on the blood they have been given

24
Q

what antigens are present on AB blood

A

A and B

25
Q

what antigens are present on O blood

A

none

26
Q

what antibodies are present in the plasma of AB blood

A

none

27
Q

what antibodies are present in the plasma of O blood

A

anti-A and anti-B

28
Q

what genotype do you need to have to be rhesus positive? what does this make the inheritance?

A

DD or Dd

AD

29
Q

what does anti-D antibody cause?

A

transfusion reactions

haemolytic disease of the newborn

30
Q

resus negative people should avoid what substance?

A

D antigen (they dont have D antigen)

31
Q

what does agglutination mean?

A

sticking together

antigen and antibody reaction is present

32
Q

how do you find out the antigens of someones red cells? what does this mean for the patient

A

test their red cells with anti-A, B, D and see which ones agglutinate
the agglutinated antigen is the blood group

33
Q

how do you find out the antibodies in the patients plasma? what does this mean for the patient?

A

mix the patients plasma with group A and B red cells
see which one agglutinates
tells you the antibodies present

34
Q

what substance needs to be added to induce agglutination in an antibody screen?

A

anti-human globulin

35
Q

what does a crossmatch do?

A

checks donor cells are compatible with patient plasma

36
Q

agglutination of cells in crossmatch means what?

A

donor cells are INCOMPATIBLE with patient plasma

no agglutination is good

37
Q

indications for blood transfusion?

A

Hb <70g/L

major bleeding

38
Q

how should you transfuse a patient?

A

transfuse a single unit
WAIT
reassess

39
Q

indications for platelet transfusion?

A

THROMBOCYTOPAENIA
bone marrow failure/low platelet counts (<10)
bleeding in thrombocytopaenia
prophylaxis for surgery/procedure in thrombocytopaenic patients

40
Q

how many units of platelets should be given?

A

1

41
Q

what is FFP?

A

a source of clotting factors

42
Q

indications for FFP?

A 
COAGULOPATHIES
bleeding in pt with a coagulopathy
prophylaxis prior to surgery for these pts
management of massive haemorrhage
trauma
43
Q

if the patient has an abnormal coag screen give FFP ASAP T or F

A

F, only give if theyre bleeding

44
Q

at what location should you label a pre-transfusion sample?

A

the patient’s bedside so you dont forget who they are!

45
Q

how do you confirm the right patient for blood transfusion?

A

ask name and DOB
check wristband
check your document

3 Haematology (30 decks)

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