Transfusion Flashcards
min Hb level needed for a woman to donate blood?
125g/L
min Hb level needed for a man to donate blood
135g/L
min weight required to donate blood?
50kg
what does agitation of platelets mean?
bag is on a rocker which shakes them all the time so they dont stick together
what microbiological testing is done on donated blood?
HIV
hep B/C/E
HTLV
syphilis
name blood COMPONENTS
red cells
FFP
platelets
cryoprecipitate
what are blood products derived from?
plasma
give examples of blood products
anti-D
prothrombin complex concentrate
does a blood component or blood product contain material from more than one donor?
blood product
what is an antigen?
any substance that can elicit an immune response
how do we get our blood group?
blood group antigen genes that we get from parents
the ABO system is coded for by what gene?
ABO gene
ABO gene is located on what chromosome?
9
A and B of the ABO system code for what?
transferases
if you’re blood group A, what is expressed on your red cells?
A antigen
what genotype do you have to have to be O blood group
OO only
least common blood group?
AB
what genotypes do you have to have tp be an A or B blood group
AO or AA
BO or BB
what do transferases modify?
H substance
when an individual lacks A or B antigen what is produced?
antibodies to the other system eg if youre blood group A you’ll make anti-B antibodies
do you have antigens on your RBCs if youre blood group O?
no
why can O be transfused to anyone?
neither A or B antigen is expressed on those cells so any antibodies against these wont cause harm
why cant O patients received blood from other blood groups
O patients still have A and B antibodies in their plasma so they will react to the antigen expressed on the blood they have been given
what antigens are present on AB blood
A and B
what antigens are present on O blood
none
what antibodies are present in the plasma of AB blood
none
what antibodies are present in the plasma of O blood
anti-A and anti-B
what genotype do you need to have to be rhesus positive? what does this make the inheritance?
DD or Dd
AD
what does anti-D antibody cause?
transfusion reactions
haemolytic disease of the newborn
resus negative people should avoid what substance?
D antigen (they dont have D antigen)
what does agglutination mean?
sticking together
antigen and antibody reaction is present
how do you find out the antigens of someones red cells? what does this mean for the patient
test their red cells with anti-A, B, D and see which ones agglutinate
the agglutinated antigen is the blood group
how do you find out the antibodies in the patients plasma? what does this mean for the patient?
mix the patients plasma with group A and B red cells
see which one agglutinates
tells you the antibodies present
what substance needs to be added to induce agglutination in an antibody screen?
anti-human globulin
what does a crossmatch do?
checks donor cells are compatible with patient plasma
agglutination of cells in crossmatch means what?
donor cells are INCOMPATIBLE with patient plasma
no agglutination is good
indications for blood transfusion?
Hb <70g/L
major bleeding
how should you transfuse a patient?
transfuse a single unit
WAIT
reassess
indications for platelet transfusion?
THROMBOCYTOPAENIA
bone marrow failure/low platelet counts (<10)
bleeding in thrombocytopaenia
prophylaxis for surgery/procedure in thrombocytopaenic patients
how many units of platelets should be given?
1
what is FFP?
a source of clotting factors
indications for FFP?
COAGULOPATHIES bleeding in pt with a coagulopathy prophylaxis prior to surgery for these pts management of massive haemorrhage trauma
if the patient has an abnormal coag screen give FFP ASAP T or F
F, only give if theyre bleeding
at what location should you label a pre-transfusion sample?
the patient’s bedside so you dont forget who they are!
how do you confirm the right patient for blood transfusion?
ask name and DOB
check wristband
check your document
