Intro to Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

name the 3 types of blood cell

A

RBC
WBC
platelet

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2
Q

what is haematopoesis?

A

production of blood cells

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3
Q

main sites of haematopoesis at birth?

A

bone marrow
liver
spleen

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4
Q

main sites of haematopoesis as an adult?

A
bone marrow of skull
ribs 
sternum
pelvis
proximal ends of femur
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5
Q

main function of platelets?

A

to prevent bleeding

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6
Q

blood cells are derived from what structures?

A

stem cells

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7
Q

myeloid progenitor cells have the ability to become what cells?

A

granulocytes
monocytes
erythrocytes
platelets

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8
Q

what is the earliest form of a neutrophil?

A

myeloblast

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9
Q

what is an erythrocyte?

A

a red blood cell

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10
Q

earliest form of an erythrocyte?

A

pronormoblast

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11
Q

penultimate cell in erythrocyte formation?

A

reticulocyte

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12
Q

what colour is the eosin stain?

A

red

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13
Q

what colour do basophils appear on stain and why?

A

dark blue/black as they are basic

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14
Q

what colour do eosinophils appear on film and why?

A

red from eosin stain

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15
Q

the granules of granulocytes are easily visible on what kind of test?

A

light microscopy

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16
Q

what cells have a segmented nucleus?

A

neutrophils

17
Q

function of neutrophils?

A

phagocytosis in response to stress/trauma/infarction

18
Q

what cells have a bi-lobed nucleus?

A

eosinophils

19
Q

“bright orange granules”

A

eosinophil

20
Q

function of eosinophils?

A

fight parasites

hypersensitivity reactions

21
Q

who has a high eosinophil count?

A

people with allergic conditions eg asthma

22
Q

basophils are frequent/infrequent in the circulation

A

infrequent

23
Q

what are the granules like in basophils?

A

large and deep purple

obscure the nucleus

24
Q

function of basophils?

A

questioned
like a mast cell
mediates hypersensitivity reactions

25
Q

what is more long lived: monocytes or neutrophils?

A

monocytes (basically long-life neutrophils)

26
Q

describe the nucleus and granules of a monocyte

A

large single nucleus

vacuolated granules

27
Q

function of monocytes?

A

become macrophages

phagocytosis

28
Q

describe the appearance of mature lymphocyte

A

small with condensed nucleus and SMALL rim of cytoplasm

29
Q

describe the appearance of an activated lymphocyte

A

large with a BIG blue cytoplasm

usually around red blood cells

30
Q

function of a lymphocyte?

A

cognate response to infection via B, T, NK cells

brains of the immune system

31
Q

the presence of an activated lymphocyte indicates what?

A

there is active (often viral) infection going on

32
Q

how can you recognise more primitive precursor cells?

A
  1. immunophenotyping (you can find out where a cell has come from/developed from by its surface proteins)
  2. bio-assay (shows lineage)
33
Q

what structures other than blood can be examined for haematopoetic pathology?

A

spleen
liver
lymph nodes

34
Q

where are bone marrow samples taken from for bone marrow biopsy?

A

PSIS

35
Q

difference between a trephine biopsy and a biopsy from aspiration?

A

aspiration is taking bone marrow liquid

trephine is taking a core of bone marrow