Intro to Haematology Flashcards
name the 3 types of blood cell
RBC
WBC
platelet
what is haematopoesis?
production of blood cells
main sites of haematopoesis at birth?
bone marrow
liver
spleen
main sites of haematopoesis as an adult?
bone marrow of skull ribs sternum pelvis proximal ends of femur
main function of platelets?
to prevent bleeding
blood cells are derived from what structures?
stem cells
myeloid progenitor cells have the ability to become what cells?
granulocytes
monocytes
erythrocytes
platelets
what is the earliest form of a neutrophil?
myeloblast
what is an erythrocyte?
a red blood cell
earliest form of an erythrocyte?
pronormoblast
penultimate cell in erythrocyte formation?
reticulocyte
what colour is the eosin stain?
red
what colour do basophils appear on stain and why?
dark blue/black as they are basic
what colour do eosinophils appear on film and why?
red from eosin stain
the granules of granulocytes are easily visible on what kind of test?
light microscopy
what cells have a segmented nucleus?
neutrophils
function of neutrophils?
phagocytosis in response to stress/trauma/infarction
what cells have a bi-lobed nucleus?
eosinophils
“bright orange granules”
eosinophil
function of eosinophils?
fight parasites
hypersensitivity reactions
who has a high eosinophil count?
people with allergic conditions eg asthma
basophils are frequent/infrequent in the circulation
infrequent
what are the granules like in basophils?
large and deep purple
obscure the nucleus
function of basophils?
questioned
like a mast cell
mediates hypersensitivity reactions
what is more long lived: monocytes or neutrophils?
monocytes (basically long-life neutrophils)
describe the nucleus and granules of a monocyte
large single nucleus
vacuolated granules
function of monocytes?
become macrophages
phagocytosis
describe the appearance of mature lymphocyte
small with condensed nucleus and SMALL rim of cytoplasm
describe the appearance of an activated lymphocyte
large with a BIG blue cytoplasm
usually around red blood cells
function of a lymphocyte?
cognate response to infection via B, T, NK cells
brains of the immune system
the presence of an activated lymphocyte indicates what?
there is active (often viral) infection going on
how can you recognise more primitive precursor cells?
- immunophenotyping (you can find out where a cell has come from/developed from by its surface proteins)
- bio-assay (shows lineage)
what structures other than blood can be examined for haematopoetic pathology?
spleen
liver
lymph nodes
where are bone marrow samples taken from for bone marrow biopsy?
PSIS
difference between a trephine biopsy and a biopsy from aspiration?
aspiration is taking bone marrow liquid
trephine is taking a core of bone marrow
