Transcription Flashcards

1
Q

DNA is found inside the

A

nucleus

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2
Q

Proteins, however, are made in the cytoplasm of cells by organelles called

A

ribosomes

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3
Q

DNA‘s code must be copied and taken to the

A

cytosol

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4
Q

In the cytoplasm, this code must be read so amino acids can be assembled to make

A

polypeptides (proteins)

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5
Q

The process of copying the sequence of one strand of DNA, the template strand

A

Transcription

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6
Q

What copies the template strand ?

A

mRNA

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7
Q

Transcription requires the enzyme______

A

RNA Polymerase

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8
Q

In transcription, part of DNA temporarily unzips and is used as a template to assemble complementary nucleotides into

A

messenger RNA (mRNA)

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9
Q

identifies gene start and end points on the DNA to initiate and terminate transcription.

A

RNA polymerase

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10
Q

What is the only enzyme in transcription?

A

RNA polymerase

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11
Q

recognizes the correct DNA strand to avoid transcribing non-informative DNA strands.

A

RNA polymerase

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12
Q

Recognition of initiation and termination sequences in DNA allows________ to perform these tasks effectively.

A

RNA polymerase

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13
Q

RNA polymerase binds to the DNA of the gene at a region called the

A

promoter

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14
Q

contain the information for transcription initiation and are the major sites in which gene expression is controlled

A

promoter

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15
Q

a DNA sequence that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded

A

TATA Box

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16
Q

is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA

A

Transcription Factor

17
Q

stabilize or block the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA

A

Transcription Factor

18
Q

control when, where, and how efficiently RNA polymerases function

A

Transcription Factor

19
Q

Termination of transcription comes about when the polymerase enzyme recognizes a DNA region known as a

A

terminator sequence

20
Q

marks the end of a gene transcription

A

Termination sequence

21
Q

signals to the RNA polymerase enzyme that the gene has been fully transcribed into a strand of RNA

A

Termination signal

22
Q

80%

Major component of the ribosomes; site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomal RNA
rRNA

23
Q

5%

Carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA to the ribosomes

A

Messenger RNA
mRNA

24
Q

15%

Brings specific amino acids to the site of protein synthesis

A

Transfer RNA
tRNA

25
Pre-mRNA
Heterogeneous nuclear RNA hnRNA
26
RNA formed directly by DNA transcription
Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)
27
Post-transcription processing converts the heterogeneous nuclear RNA to
messenger RNA
28
RNA that facilitates the conversion of heterogeneous nuclear RNA to messenger RNA It contains from _____ to ____ nucleotides
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) 100 to 200
29
Component of splicesosome
Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
30
Splicesosome
Gets rid of introns
31
hRNA to actual mRNA Addition of a 5' cap to the beginning of the RNA (________)
RNA capping
32
(tail of A nucleotides)
poly-A tail
33
Addition of a poly-A tail (tail of A nucleotides) to the end of the RNA
polyadenylation
34
added to the first nucleotide in the transcript during transcription a modified guanine nucleotide protects the transcript from being broken down used as a recognition signal for ribosomes to bind to the mRNA
5’ cap
35
Poly-A tail AAAA to 3’ end of RNA transcript are added (polyadenylation) plays a role in the stability of the mRNA
3’ tail
36
is the process of removing introns from an hnRNA molecule and joining the remaining exons together to form an mRNA molecule
RNA splicing
37
a gene segment that conveys (codes for) genetic information is a gene segment that does not convey (code for) genetic information
Exons Introns