Transcription

Question 1

DNA is found inside the

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

Proteins, however, are made in the cytoplasm of cells by organelles called

Answer 2

ribosomes

Question 3

DNA‘s code must be copied and taken to the

Answer 3

cytosol

Question 4

In the cytoplasm, this code must be read so amino acids can be assembled to make

Answer 4

polypeptides (proteins)

Question 5

The process of copying the sequence of one strand of DNA, the template strand

Answer 5

Transcription

Question 6

What copies the template strand ?

Answer 6

mRNA

Question 7

Transcription requires the enzyme______

Answer 7

RNA Polymerase

Question 8

In transcription, part of DNA temporarily unzips and is used as a template to assemble complementary nucleotides into

Answer 8

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 9

identifies gene start and end points on the DNA to initiate and terminate transcription.

Answer 9

RNA polymerase

Question 10

What is the only enzyme in transcription?

Answer 10

RNA polymerase

Question 11

recognizes the correct DNA strand to avoid transcribing non-informative DNA strands.

Answer 11

RNA polymerase

Question 12

Recognition of initiation and termination sequences in DNA allows________ to perform these tasks effectively.

Answer 12

RNA polymerase

Question 13

RNA polymerase binds to the DNA of the gene at a region called the

Answer 13

promoter

Question 14

contain the information for transcription initiation and are the major sites in which gene expression is controlled

Answer 14

promoter

Question 15

a DNA sequence that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded

Answer 15

TATA Box

Question 16

is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA

Answer 16

Transcription Factor

Question 17

stabilize or block the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA

Answer 17

Transcription Factor

Question 18

control when, where, and how efficiently RNA polymerases function

Answer 18

Transcription Factor

Question 19

Termination of transcription comes about when the polymerase enzyme recognizes a DNA region known as a

Answer 19

terminator sequence

Question 20

marks the end of a gene transcription

Answer 20

Termination sequence

Question 21

signals to the RNA polymerase enzyme that the gene has been fully transcribed into a strand of RNA

Answer 21

Termination signal

Question 22

80%

Major component of the ribosomes; site of protein synthesis

Answer 22

Ribosomal RNA
rRNA

Question 23

5%

Carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA to the ribosomes

Answer 23

Messenger RNA
mRNA

Question 24

15%

Brings specific amino acids to the site of protein synthesis

Answer 24

Transfer RNA
tRNA

Question 25

Pre-mRNA

Answer 25

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA
hnRNA

Question 26

RNA formed directly by DNA transcription

Answer 26

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

Question 27

Post-transcription processing converts the heterogeneous nuclear RNA to

Answer 27

messenger RNA

Question 28

RNA that facilitates the conversion of heterogeneous nuclear RNA to messenger RNA

It contains from _____ to ____ nucleotides

Answer 28

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

100 to 200

Question 29

Component of splicesosome

Answer 29

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 30

Splicesosome

Answer 30

Gets rid of introns

Question 31

hRNA to actual mRNA

Addition of a 5’ cap to the beginning of the RNA (________)

Answer 31

RNA capping

Question 32

(tail of A nucleotides)

Answer 32

poly-A tail

Question 33

Addition of a poly-A tail (tail of A nucleotides) to the end of the RNA

Answer 33

polyadenylation

Question 34

added to the first nucleotide in the transcript during transcription

a modified guanine nucleotide

protects the transcript from being broken down

used as a recognition signal for ribosomes to bind to the mRNA

Answer 34

5’ cap

Question 35

Poly-A tail

AAAA to 3’ end of RNA transcript are added (polyadenylation)
plays a role in the stability of the mRNA

Answer 35

3’ tail

Question 36

is the process of removing introns from an hnRNA molecule and joining the remaining exons together to form an mRNA molecule

Answer 36

RNA splicing

Question 37

a gene segment that conveys (codes for) genetic information

is a gene segment that does not convey (code for) genetic information

Answer 37

Exons

Introns