Transcription Flashcards
DNA is found inside the
nucleus
Proteins, however, are made in the cytoplasm of cells by organelles called
ribosomes
DNA‘s code must be copied and taken to the
cytosol
In the cytoplasm, this code must be read so amino acids can be assembled to make
polypeptides (proteins)
The process of copying the sequence of one strand of DNA, the template strand
Transcription
What copies the template strand ?
mRNA
Transcription requires the enzyme______
RNA Polymerase
In transcription, part of DNA temporarily unzips and is used as a template to assemble complementary nucleotides into
messenger RNA (mRNA)
identifies gene start and end points on the DNA to initiate and terminate transcription.
RNA polymerase
What is the only enzyme in transcription?
RNA polymerase
recognizes the correct DNA strand to avoid transcribing non-informative DNA strands.
RNA polymerase
Recognition of initiation and termination sequences in DNA allows________ to perform these tasks effectively.
RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase binds to the DNA of the gene at a region called the
promoter
contain the information for transcription initiation and are the major sites in which gene expression is controlled
promoter
a DNA sequence that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded
TATA Box
is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA
Transcription Factor
stabilize or block the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA
Transcription Factor
control when, where, and how efficiently RNA polymerases function
Transcription Factor
Termination of transcription comes about when the polymerase enzyme recognizes a DNA region known as a
terminator sequence
marks the end of a gene transcription
Termination sequence
signals to the RNA polymerase enzyme that the gene has been fully transcribed into a strand of RNA
Termination signal
80%
Major component of the ribosomes; site of protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA
rRNA
5%
Carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA to the ribosomes
Messenger RNA
mRNA
15%
Brings specific amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
Transfer RNA
tRNA