INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY Flashcards
DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF THE CHEMISTRY OF LIVING ORGANISMS
BIOCHEMISTRY
IT IS THE APPLICATION OF CHEMISTRY TO THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LEVEL
BIOCHEMISTRY
HAS BECOME THE FOUNDATION FOR UNDERSTANDING ALL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
BIOCHEMISTRY
IT HAS PROVIDED EXPLANATIONS FOR THE CAUSES OF MANY DISEASES IN HUMANS, ANIMALS AND PLANTS
BIOCHEMISTRY
▰ CONCERNED WITH THE PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES UNDERLYING
▰ DIGESTION, ABSORPTION, CIRCULATION, RESPIRATION, METABOLISM, GROWTH, AND
REPRODUCTION
BIOCHEMISTRY
BIOCHEMISTRY
BIOCHEMISTRY IS THE APPLICATION OF CHEMISTRY TO THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT
THE _______ AND _______ LEVEL
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LEVEL
2 TYPES OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
▰ PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
▰ PATHOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(NORMAL PROCESSES)
(ABNORMAL PROCESSES)
▰ PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
▰ PATHOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
BIOCHEMISTRY IS CONCERNED WITH THE PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES UNDERLYING
DIGESTION
ABSORPTION
CIRCULATION
RESPIRATION
METABOLISM
GROWTH
REPRODUCTION
FOUR MAJOR CLASSES OF BIOMOLECULES
▰ PROTEINS
▰ NUCLEIC ACIDS
▰ CARBOHYDRATES
▰ LIPIDS
– SWEDISH FOUNDER OF BIOCHEMISTRY WHO STUDIED THE CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF MATTER IN MID 1700
KARL SCHEELE
– FORMULATED THE CELL THEORY IN 1840
SCHLEIDEN & SCHWANN
– DISCOVERED CHROMOSOMES IN 1875
WALTHER FLEMMING
– PROPOSED THE KREB CYCLE OF THE TCA IN 1937.
HANS KREB
– A GERMAN SCIENTIST WHO COINED THE WORD BIOCHEMISTRY
CARL NEWBERG
– DESCRIBED THE GLYCOLYTIC PATHWAY IN 1925.
EMBDEN & MAYERHOFF
WHY STUDY BIOCHEMISTRY?
▰ TO DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN IN MOLECULAR TERMS ALL CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF LIVING CELLS.
▰ KNOWLEDGE IN BIOCHEMISTRY IS ESSENTIAL TO ALL LIFE SCIENCES
▰ A RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MEDICINE HAS STIMULATED MUTUAL ADVANCES
▰ NORMAL BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES ARE THE BASIS OF HEALTH
▰ BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH HAS IMPACT ON NUTRITION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
T OR F | MOST & PERHAPS ALL DISEASES HAVE A BIOCHEMICAL BASIS
TRUE
TWO WAY STREET
Nucleic Acids
Genetic diseases
TWO WAY STREET
Proteins
Sickle cell disease
TWO WAY STREET
Lipids
Atherosclerosis
TWO WAY STREET
Carbohydrates
Diabetes Mellitus
MAJOR CAUSES OF DISEASES (PCBGOINE)
Physical Agents
Chemical Agents
Biologic Agents
Genetis Disease
Oxygen Lack
Immunologic Reactions
Nutritional Imbalances
Endocrine Imbalances
▰ TOXIC COMPOUNDS, DRUGS
CHEMICAL AGENTS
▰ MECHANICAL TRAUMA, TEMPERATURE EXTREMES, RADIATION, ELECTRIC SHOCK
PHYSICAL AGENTS
– DESCRIBED THE DOUBLE HELICAL STRUCTURE OF DNA IN 1953
JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK
▰ VIRUSES, BACTERIA, FUNGI, PARASITES
BIOLOGIC AGENTS
▰ LOSS OF BLOOD, DECREASED OXYGEN-CARRYING CAPACITY OF BLOOD, MITOCHONDRIAL POISONING
OXYGEN LACK
▰ ANAPHYLAXIS, AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
IMMUNOLOGIC REACT IONS
▰ DEFICIENCIES, EXCESSES
NUT RIT IONAL IMBALANCES
▰ HORMONAL DEFICIENCIES/EXCESSES
ENDOCRINE IMBALANCES
ARE MOLECULES FOUND IN LIVING MATTER.
BIOMOLECULES
TWO BROAD TYPES OF BIOMOLECULES:
SMALL MOLECULES AND MACROMOLECULES
IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULES:
a. ESSENTIAL STRUCTURES FOR THE BASIS OF LIFE
b. CONTROL AND REGULATE THESE PROCESSES
c. RESPONSIBLE FOR ENERGY EXCHANGES, IRRITABILITY, METABOLISM, MOBILITY AND
REPRODUCTION
WHAT ARE THE PRIMORDIAL BIOMOLECULES?
Amino Acids
Nitrogenous Bases
Sugars
Sugar Alcohol
Nitrogenous Alcohol
Fatty Acids
AMINO ACIDS
GLYCINE
ALANINE
SERINE
NITROGENOUS BASES
PYRIMIDINES
PURINES
SUGARS
GLUCOSE
GALACTOSE
MANNOSE
SUGAR ALCOHOL
GLYCEROL
NITROGENOUS ALCOHOL
CHOLINE
FATTY ACIDS
PALMITIC ACID
LINOLEIC ACID
LINOLENIC ACID
ARACHIDONIC ACID
