Metabolism

Question 1

Sum total of all the chemical reactions involved in maintaining the dynamic state of the cell

Answer 1

METABOLISM

Question 2

TWO TYPES OF METABOLIC REACTIONS

Answer 2

Catabolism
Anabolism

Question 3

•Those in which molecules are broken down to provide the energy needed by cells

Answer 3

CATABOLISM

Question 4

• Those that synthesize the compounds needed by cells

Answer 4

ANABOLISM

Question 5

BIOCHEMICAL/METABOLIC PATHWAY (2)

Answer 5

LINEAR Metabolic pathway
CYCLIC Metabolic pathway

Question 6

BIOCHEMICAL/METABOLIC PATHWAY

Answer 6

Common Catabolic Pathway
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway

Question 7

Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway includes

Answer 7

• Electron Transport Chain
• Phosphorylation

Question 8

Intermediates for the storage of energy and transfer of phosphate groups

Answer 8

ATP
ADP
AMP

Question 9

Intermediates for the transfer of electrons in metabolic redox reactions

Answer 9

FAD - Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
NAD+ - Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Question 10

• the functional group derives from a phosphate ion that is part of another molecule

Answer 10

Phosphoryl group

Question 11

• chemical bond formed when two phosphate groups react with each other and a water molecule is produced

Answer 11

Phosphoanhydride bond

Question 12

• first step in the process of Glycolysis

Answer 12

Conversion of Glucose-6-Phosphate

Question 13

• most prevalent nucleotide triphosphate
• not the only nucleo9de triphosphate in the cell

Answer 13

ATP

Question 14

• involved in carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 14

UDT (Uridine triphosphate)

Question 15

• participate in protein and carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 15

GTP (Guanosine triphosphate)

Question 16

• involved in lipid metabolism

Answer 16

CTP (Cytidine triphosphate)

Question 17

GEROA

Answer 17

• Gain Electron; REDUCTION; Oxidizing Agent

Question 18

LEORA

Answer 18

• Lose Electron; OXIDATION; Reducing Agent

Question 19

– reduced form of ribose

Answer 19

Ribotol

Question 20

– aka Vit B12 - consists of ribitol (a sugar alcohol) and flavin

Answer 20

Riboflavin

Question 21

• active portion of FAD in redox reaction is the______ subunit

Answer 21

flavin

Question 22

used as a coenzyme when a dehydrogenation reaction converts a carbon–carbon single bond to a carboncarbon double bond

Answer 22

FAD

Question 23

• important coenzyme
• vitamin Niacin (Vit B3) provided the nicotinamide group

Answer 23

NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

Question 24

• reduced form of NADP
• primarily produced in the oxidative part of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
• required in dehydrogenation reactions that produce carbon–oxygen double bonds

Answer 24

NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

Question 25

Intermediates for the transfer of acetyl groups

Answer 25

Coenzyme A

Question 26

- A thiol - Can react with COOH to form thioesters, thus functioning as an Acyl group carrier

Answer 26

Coenzyme A

Question 27

– active portion of coA

Answer 27

Sulfhydryl group

Question 28

STAGES OF CATABOLISM

Answer 28

DIGESTION GLYCOLYSIS CITRIC ACID CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Question 29

The process of _____ changes large, complex molecules into relatively small, simpler ones.

Answer 29

STAGE 1 DIGESTION

Question 30

Small molecules from digestion are degraded to still smaller units, primarily the two-carbon acetyl group that becomes part of acetyl CoA.

Answer 30

STAGE 2 GLYCOLYSIS

Question 31

Acetyl CoA is oxidized to produce CO, and reduced coenzymes (NADH, FADHy) in the ________

Answer 31

STAGE 3 CITRIC ACID CYCLE

Question 32

NADH and FADH, facilitate ATP production through the ______ and _____

Answer 32

STAGE 4 electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 33

Stage 1: Digestion processes • Requirement: • Result:

Answer 33

• Requirement: polymers & macromolecules • Result: monomers

Question 34

Stage 2: Glycolysis • Requirement: • Result:

Answer 34

• Requirement: glucose, galactose, fructose • Result: Pyruvate (converted to ACETYL CoA w/ CO2 as waste product)

Question 35

Stage 3: Citric acid cycle • Requirement: • Result:

Answer 35

• Requirement: Acetyl COA • Result: nADH, FADH, & GTP (w/ 2 molecules of CO2 as waste product per Acetyl CoA)

Question 36

Stage 4: Oxidative Phosphorylation/ Electron Transport Chain • Requirement: • Result:

Answer 36

• Requirement: NADH, FADH2, & O2 • Result: ATP & H2O

Question 37

Digestion of carbs in human body MSSII

Answer 37

Mouth Stomach Small Intestine Intestinal mucosal cells Intestinal linings

Question 38

Salivary a-amylase hydrolysis of some -glycosidic linkages

Answer 38

Mouth

Question 39

Gastric juice--no effect on digestion

Answer 39

Stomach

Question 40

Pancreatic digestive enzymes_-hydrolysis of polysaccharides to disaccharides

Answer 40

Small Intestine

Question 41

Hydrolysis of disaccharides Maltase Sucrase Lactase

Answer 41

Intestinal Mucosal Cells

Question 42

Active transport

Answer 42

Intestinal Lining (Villi)