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BioChem Lec > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Sum total of all the chemical reactions involved in maintaining the dynamic state of the cell

A

METABOLISM

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2
Q

TWO TYPES OF METABOLIC REACTIONS

A

Catabolism
Anabolism

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3
Q

•Those in which molecules are broken down to provide the energy needed by cells

A

CATABOLISM

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4
Q

• Those that synthesize the compounds needed by cells

A

ANABOLISM

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5
Q

BIOCHEMICAL/METABOLIC PATHWAY (2)

A

LINEAR Metabolic pathway
CYCLIC Metabolic pathway

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6
Q

BIOCHEMICAL/METABOLIC PATHWAY

A

Common Catabolic Pathway
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway

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7
Q

Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway includes

A

• Electron Transport Chain
• Phosphorylation

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8
Q

Intermediates for the storage of energy and transfer of phosphate groups

A

ATP
ADP
AMP

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9
Q

Intermediates for the transfer of electrons in metabolic redox reactions

A

FAD - Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
NAD+ - Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

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10
Q
  • the functional group derives from a phosphate ion that is part of another molecule
A

Phosphoryl group

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11
Q
  • chemical bond formed when two phosphate groups react with each other and a water molecule is produced
A

Phosphoanhydride bond

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12
Q
  • first step in the process of Glycolysis
A

Conversion of Glucose-6-Phosphate

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13
Q
  • most prevalent nucleotide triphosphate
  • not the only nucleo9de triphosphate in the cell
A

ATP

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14
Q
  • involved in carbohydrate metabolism
A

UDT (Uridine triphosphate)

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15
Q
  • participate in protein and carbohydrate metabolism
A

GTP (Guanosine triphosphate)

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16
Q
  • involved in lipid metabolism
A

CTP (Cytidine triphosphate)

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17
Q

GEROA

A
  • Gain Electron; REDUCTION; Oxidizing Agent
18
Q

LEORA

A
  • Lose Electron; OXIDATION; Reducing Agent
19
Q

– reduced form of ribose

A

Ribotol

20
Q

– aka Vit B12 - consists of ribitol (a sugar alcohol) and flavin

A

Riboflavin

21
Q
  • active portion of FAD in redox reaction is the______ subunit
A

flavin

22
Q

used as a coenzyme when a dehydrogenation reaction converts a carbon–carbon single bond to a carboncarbon double bond

A

FAD

23
Q
  • important coenzyme
  • vitamin Niacin (Vit B3) provided the nicotinamide group
A

NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

24
Q
  • reduced form of NADP
  • primarily produced in the oxidative part of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
  • required in dehydrogenation reactions that produce carbon–oxygen double bonds
A

NADPH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

25
Q

Intermediates for the transfer of acetyl groups

A

Coenzyme A

26
Q
  • A thiol
  • Can react with COOH to form thioesters, thus functioning as an Acyl group carrier
A

Coenzyme A

27
Q

– active portion of coA

A

Sulfhydryl group

28
Q

STAGES OF CATABOLISM

A

DIGESTION
GLYCOLYSIS
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

29
Q

The process of _____ changes large, complex molecules into relatively small, simpler ones.

A

STAGE 1 DIGESTION

30
Q

Small molecules from digestion are degraded to still smaller units, primarily the two-carbon acetyl group that becomes part of acetyl CoA.

A

STAGE 2 GLYCOLYSIS

31
Q

Acetyl CoA is oxidized to produce
CO, and reduced coenzymes (NADH,
FADHy) in the ________

A

STAGE 3 CITRIC ACID CYCLE

32
Q

NADH and FADH, facilitate ATP production through the ______ and _____

A

STAGE 4 electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.

33
Q

Stage 1: Digestion processes
• Requirement:

• Result:

A

• Requirement: polymers & macromolecules
• Result: monomers

34
Q

Stage 2: Glycolysis
• Requirement:
• Result:

A

• Requirement: glucose, galactose, fructose

• Result: Pyruvate (converted to ACETYL
CoA w/ CO2 as waste product)

35
Q

Stage 3: Citric acid cycle
• Requirement:

• Result:

A

• Requirement: Acetyl COA

• Result: nADH, FADH, & GTP (w/ 2 molecules of CO2 as waste product per Acetyl CoA)

36
Q

Stage 4: Oxidative Phosphorylation/ Electron Transport Chain
• Requirement:

• Result:

A

• Requirement: NADH, FADH2, & O2

• Result: ATP & H2O

37
Q

Digestion of carbs in human body

MSSII

A

Mouth
Stomach
Small Intestine
Intestinal mucosal cells
Intestinal linings

38
Q

Salivary a-amylase

hydrolysis of some -glycosidic linkages

A

Mouth

39
Q

Gastric juice–no effect on digestion

A

Stomach

40
Q

Pancreatic digestive enzymes_-hydrolysis of polysaccharides to disaccharides

A

Small Intestine

41
Q

Hydrolysis of disaccharides

Maltase
Sucrase
Lactase

A

Intestinal Mucosal Cells

42
Q

Active transport

A

Intestinal Lining (Villi)

BioChem Lec (15 decks)

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