Trade In Afro-Eurasia Flashcards
Who were the Mongols
Pastoral nomads from Central Asia
Name the Chinese Dynasties in order
Song
Yuan
Ming
Qing (Manchu)
How did the Mongols affect economic exchange in this period?
Promotion of trade, taxing trade, standardized weights and measures, and made trade safe along the Silk Roads
What were the Silk Roads
A loose network of land-based roads across Eurasia connecting China, India, the Middle East and the Mediterranean
What was relay trade?
Individual merchants only traveled relatively short distances back & forth between caravan towns (Silk Roads)
What’s a Bactrian Camel
Two-Hump Camels and were used on the Silk Roads
What technology was transferred along the Silk Roads?
Gunpowder from China. Astronomy from India. Arabic numerals from the Middle East.
What policies did the Mongols have?
Religious tolerance, less patriarchy, forced labor relocation, & facilitated transfer of knowledge & technology
Who was Marco Polo?
A European traveler from Italy, who traveled to China while under Mongol Rule & wrote a book about his journey.
What cultures were transferred along the Silk Roads?
Buddhism from India to Central Asia & China. Islam from Middle East to Central Asia
What was the Bubonic Plague?
AKA the Black Death was a disease that originated in Central Asia & was spread by the Mongols & effected most of Eurasia by the 1300s. 50% of Europeans died.
What were the effects of the Black Death on the Mongol Empire?
Led to a drastic decrease in population and trade and the Mongol Empire quickly dissolved.
What were the Sand Roads?
Caravan routes that linked West Africa to the Mediterranean crossing the Sahara Desert & relied on Arabian one-hump camels.
What goods were traded along the Sand Roads?
Gold, salt, ivory & Kola Nuts from West Africa. Silk, paper, & sugar from the Mediterranean.
What cultures were spread from the Mediterranean to West Africa along the Sand Roads?
The Arabic Language and Islam
What was the kingdom of Mali?
An Islamic kingdom in West Africa
What was the result of the spread of Islam to West Africa?
The syncretic blend of Bantu beliefs with Islam. Islam was only for elites
What was the Indian Ocean Trading Network?
Sea routes which connected China, Southeast Asia, India, the Middle East, and East Africa.
What technology facilitated the Indian Ocean Trade Network?
Knowledge on monsoons for easy sailing, oceangoing navigation technology such as the magnetic compass & stern rudder as well as ships such as Junks from China.
What goods were traded along the IOTN?
Lumber, cloth, sugar, spices, wheat, and rice.
What’s an example of a new trading state created to control and tax sea trade?
Srivijaya in Southeast Asia
What were some cultural and religious effects of the IOTN?
Hinduism spread from India to Southeast Asia such as the Khmer Empire. Buddhism also spread to Southeast Asia.
What did Muslim merchants create across the Indian Ocean which established some cultural unity for trade?
Diasporic Communities
What were the results of Islamic merchants in East Africa?
The gradual creation of Swahili, a syncretic blend between Arabic and Bantu languages & the creation of independent “Swahili Coast” states. Also the conversion of many Bantu Africans to Islam (syncretically).
