The Great War & Great Depression Flashcards
What were the M.A.I.N. causes of WW1?
- Militarism
- Alliance
- Imperialism
- Nationalism
What was Militarism during WW1?
Industrial weapons of war, an arms race
What was the alliance system?
A system designed to prevent war ended up, exacerbating it
How did imperialism increase tensions before WW1?
Competition & rivalries over colonies
How did nationalism lead to WW1?
Countries began seeking national independence, national glory, longstanding enmity against others
What was the Spark that led to WW1?
- Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist
- Austria declares war against Serbia, the dominoes fall
What was “Total War”?
- Occurred in both world wars
- Entire national populations got behind the war effort
What are some examples of entire national populations getting behind the War effort during WW1?
- More women in factories
- Labor unions make sacrifices for the national good
- Government propaganda to arouse citizens
What were the 6 main principals of the Treaty of Versailles?
- Blame for the war is laid on Germany
- Germany loses its territory and is forced to pay reparations
- Germany’s military is drastically reduced in size
- League of Nations is created to prevent future wars
- Austria-Hungary is dissolved and new countries are created
- Ottoman Empire is dissolved and new countries are created
What are 5 new countries that replace Austria-Hungary in the Treaty of Versailes?
- Austria
- Hungary
- Czechoslovakia
- Poland
- Yugoslavia
What are 6 new countries that replaces the Ottoman Empire in the Treaty of Versailles?
- Turkey
- Jordan
- Iraq
- Lebanon
- Palestine
- Syria
What are 3 things that occurred in the aftermath of WW1 not in Europe?
- Japan acquires territory from Germany (in Asia)
- US emerges as a global power
- Soldiers from European colonies gain military skills and a sense of nationalism
What were the effects of WW1 for women?
- Women gained legal and labor rights from the war
- Suffrage in many democracies post-war
- Flappers who flouted on social & sexual conventions
Who were flappers?
- Women that emerged after WW1
- Women with short hair
- Women who drank alcohol
What were the causes of the Economic Crash of New York in 1929?
- American industrial overproduction
- Inability of Europe to purchase American goods
- Overinflated stock prices (speculation)
- Overuse of credit
Why did the Economic Crash of New York in 1929 become a global crisis?
- Industrial production dropped, so demand for raw materials from Africa & Latin America dropped too
What was the only major country not effected by the Economic Crash of New York in 1929?
The USSR
What was the US response to the economic crash of 1929?
- Increased government spending to stimulate economic growth AKA Keynesian Economics
- The “New Deal” made by FDR which was sort of like democratic socialism
How successful was the US response to the economic crash of New York in 1929?
Only somewhat successful
What countries shared a similar response to the economic crash of New York in 1929 as the US?
- Britain
- Germany
- Japan
What are characteristics of Facism?
- Anti-democratic
- Anti-communist
- Nationalist
- Violent & militarist
- Expansionist
- Cult of leaders hip
What was Facism?
- Conservative & Reactionary - opposed to changes, social reforms, & feminism
- Emphasized National unity & a return to a mythic “traditional” culture
- Found eager audiences disillusioned by socialism, foreigners, & economic woes
Who was politically in control of Italy during 1922 & most of the interwar period?
- Benito Mussolini & the “Black Shirts”
How did Mussolini get in power?
He used coercion to convince the elected government to give him power
