Pre-Modern Eurasian States Flashcards
What was Moscow?
The capital of Russia & core of the Russian state beginning in the 1400s
What was a yasak?
A tribute of furs & other goods paid to the Russian state by Central Asians & Siberians
What was Russification?
The process of expanding Russian culture & language such as Orthodox Christianity to Central Asia and Siberia
What was a tsar/czar?
A Russian ruler
Who were Ivan, Catherine, & Peter
Russian czars who expanded the Russian state into Central Asia and Siberia
Why did Russia expand into Central Asia?
To eliminate future threats from nomadic pastoralists
Why did Russia expand into Siberia?
To get furs and other resources (gold, timber)
What developed in Russia as a result of their conquests from 1450s-1750s?
A strong monarch and militaristic culture develops from the conquests
What were the 5 long lasting effects of the Russian conquest from 1450-1750?
- Russia quickly became a multiethnic empire
- Process of Russification in which conquered people adopt Russian culture, language, & Orthodox Christianity
- Epidemic Diseases ( measles, smallpox, influenza) spread throughout Siberia
- Nomadic lifestyles are discouraged
- Russian “identify crisis”
What was the Qing Dynasty?
The last imperial dynasty of China ruling from 1640s - 1911 and the emperors were ethnically Manchu and foreign
How did the Qing leaders attempt to legitimize rule and appear more Chinese?
They adopted Chinese names and Confucianism
Why did the Qing Dynasty conquer lots of Central Asia?
To prevent raids by nomadic pastoralists
How did China rule their conquered regions in the 1450s-1750s?
- They were ruled as colonies
- Left behind economically
- No spread of Chinese culture to Central Asia
How were the Russian and Chinese conquests similiar from 1450-1750?
- Both conquered Central Asia
- The purpose was to pacify/nuetralize nomads
How did Russian conquests differ from Chinese conquests from 1450-1750?
- Russia conquered Siberia for luxury goods
- Russia spread Russian culture unlike China
- Russia spread diseases unlike China
What was the Mughal Empire?
A diverse empire in India in the 17th-18th century
How did Akbar work to culturally unify the Mughal Empire?
- Removed Jizya tax
- Allowed Hindus to serve in Mughal government
- Encouraged inter-faith discussions, debates, and contracts
How did Aurangzeb oppose the softening of Islamic ideals in the Mughal Empire?
- Reimposed the Jizya tax
- Closed Hindu temples
What was the result of Aurangzeb’s intolerant policies?
It led to instability in the Mughal Empire and the gradual easy takeover by the British
What was the Ottoman Empire?
A strong Turkic Muslim state in the Middle East from 1453-1919
What is the “Strong Sword of Islam”?
A reference to the Ottoman Empire’s role as leaders & caliphs of the Islamic world
What are the Balkans?
A region of SE Europe which includes Greece, Serbia, etc
What’s a sultan?
An Ottoman ruler
What is devshirme?
The “gathering” of Christian boys by Ottoman rulers
