“Industry Begins” (1750-1900) Flashcards
What was a change in energy during Industrialization?
- Change in sources of energy from muscle, wind, and water to fossil fuels
What was a change in population size following the Industrial Revolution?
Increase in population
What was an agricultural change following the Industrial Revolution?
Agriculture production increases due to tractors, fertilizer, etc.
What migrations were an effect of industrialization and what is the definition of it?
Urbanization
- Former farmers move to cities to get jobs in factories
What were the effects of Industrialization on social classes?
New class systems such as poor urban workers, “new money” elites, & “middle classes”
What were the effects of Industrialization on technology?
New technology in communication & transportation
What were the effects of Industrialization on working conditions?
Horrible living and working conditions
Which new groups of people were working in factories as a result of the Industrial Revolution & why?
Women and children because they could be paid lower wages than men
What were the effects of Industrialization on the environment?
Accelerating environmental degradation
What were the effects of Industrialization on production of goods?
Mass productions of goods, a decline of artisian/handmade goods
What was created to improve working conditions as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
Labor Unions and trade unions
What political ideology developed opposed to industrial capitalism?
Socialism
By the 1900s what improvements in living and working conditions developed?
Better wages, labor laws, and universal education
What 5 reasons led to Europe industrializing first?
- High population thanks to agricultural revolution
- Scientific Revolutions : Belief that technology could make lives better
- Enlightenment : Private property rights
- Natural resources iron & coal readily available
-Conpetition: European states compete with each other to be the best
Which places did industrialization spread to outside of Europe by 1900?
- Eastern United States
- Western Russia
- Japan
What are some major new inventions and technology as a result of the Industrial Revolutions?
- Steam Engine & Internal combustion engines which relied on fossil fuels to drive machinery.
- Electricity & batteries
- Transportation like locomotives, steamships, automobiles, & airplanes
- Communications like telegraph, telephone, & radio
Agriculture like chemical fertilizers & mechanized tractors - Warfare like dynamite & machine guns
- Medicine like pharmaceuticals & pencillin
What were the economic & social effects of the Industrial Revolution?
- Mass productions of goods
> Eventually lowered the price of industrial manufactured goods vs hand-crafted “artisian” goods
> Improved standards of living for many - Change in social classes
> Diminished wealth of European nobles
> Increasing wealth of businessmen
> Growing “Industrial Working Class” (poor workers”
What were the living and Working conditions as a result of the Industrial Revolution?
- Mass urbanization to be near industrial workplaces led to very poor living and working conditions at first
In what ways were living and working conditions bad during the Industrial Revolution?
- Factories were dark, dangerous, and dirty
- Housing with little plumbing, electricity, etc
What were some social problems created by the Industrial Revolution?
-Huge wealth gap between rich factory owners and poor industrial workers
- Young children working in factories
What’s are some examples of a problem created by the Industrial Revolution that aren’t categorized as a social problem?
- Long working hours
- Unsafe working conditions
- Poor living conditions
- Environmental Degradation
What’s the definition of a labor union?
Organizations of workers who work in the same industry or for the same business
What were the goals of Labor Unions?
To obtain higher pay and better working conditions from factory owners
What methods did labor unions use to attempt to obtain higher pay and better working conditions from factory owners?
-Negotiated with owners
- Went on strikes
