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AP World SHEs > Comparing Industrialization > Flashcards

Comparing Industrialization Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

What was Russia like in the 1800s?

A
  • No democracy at all - czar, nobility, & Orthodox Church dominated
  • Unions & strikes illegal
  • “Top-Down” Industrialization - led by czar & state
  • “Heavy Industry” (railroads, steel, coal, etc) was emphasized
  • Same industrial abuses as seen elsewhere but since industrial workers had no legal resources, they quickly became radicalized
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2
Q

What was a result of Russia losing the Russo-Japanese War in 1905?

A
  • Protests which resulted in the creation of workers’ council called “soviet”
  • Protests were crushed but czar agrees to the legalization of unions and to the creation of the weak Parliament (Duma)
  • The modest reforms failed to satisfy the radical workers, and dissatisfaction grows
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3
Q

What enabled the the Bolshevik Party to stage a successful communist revolution in 1917?

A

Russia’s defeats in World War I

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4
Q

Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks in 1917 during the communist revolution?

A

Vladimir Llych Ulyanov AKA Lenin

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5
Q

What were the 4 main effects of the Revolution in Russia?

A
  • The czar & the Royal family are killed
  • Many Russian nobles are killed or exiled
  • The Bolsheviks seize control of industrial resources
  • USSR is ruled as a dictatorship
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6
Q

What are some examples of industrial resources that the Bolsheviks seized control of?

A
  • Factories
  • Railroads
  • etc
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7
Q

In what ways was USSR ruled as a dictatorship?

A
  • Communist Party has all political authority
  • No freedom of speech/press
  • Religion suppressed - Orthodox Churches closed
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8
Q

Which types of industry grow rapidly in the US?

A

Both “heavy industry” and consumer goods

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9
Q

What were the causes of the US rapid industrialization?

A
  • Available land & resources ( removing indigenous groups to “reservations”)
  • Influx of European immigrants seeking opportunity
  • Pro-business government (laissez fair: low taxes & few regulations)
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10
Q

What were some effects of the rapid industrialization in the US?

A

-“Consumer Culture” develops
- Self-made industrialists idolized

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11
Q

What are some examples of “Consumer Culture” in the US in the 19th & 20th century?

A

Sears Roebuck & Montgomery Ward stores/catalogs

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12
Q

What are some examples of US self-made industrialists in the 19th & 20th century?

A

-Henry Ford
- Andrew Carnegie
- John D. Rockefeller

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13
Q

What was some opposition to industry in the U.S?

A
  • Same problems for the working-class like growth inequality, unsafe living & working conditions, & Union protests
  • Populist & Progressive political movements in the US sought limit the power of wealthy elites & better the lives of the workers
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14
Q

How did populist & progressive political movements in the US seek to limit the power of the wealthy elites & improve the lives of workers?

A
  • Minumum wage laws
  • Breaking up large monopolies
  • Improving factory conditions
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15
Q

Why was there no socialism in the US?

A

-Labor unions like the American Federation of Labor organized skilled “middle-class” workers, who were less radical than unskilled workers
- Racial diversity prevented unity among workers
- High standards of living

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16
Q

What factors served to release pressure which would of otherwise erupted in a revolution in US & Great Britain during the 19th & 20th century?

A
  • Democracy
  • Leagalized unions
  • Cheap consumer goods
17
Q

What was Latin America like after independence from Spain/Portugal?

A
  • Simón Bolivar wanted a unified country; got almost 20 countries instead
  • Most power was held by white creoles (minority population)
  • Women & most non-whites were economically suppressed & denied democratic rights
  • Race & class divisions led to autortorian rule by caudillos
18
Q

What were caudillos?

A

Military strongmen & business leaders

19
Q

What was the economy of Latin America dependent on in the 19th & early 20th century?

A

-Economy dependent on the export of luxury goods & industrial raw materials to Europe & US

20
Q

What were examples of raw & luxury goods exported by Latin America in the 19th century?

A

Tin, copper, petroleum, beef, bananas, coffee, rubber, etc

21
Q

Which social classes in Latin America benefitted to the American and Europwan economic boom & which ones remained poor?

A
  • Creole white elites who owned the mines & farms benefitted
  • Most people (esp of color) remained poor
22
Q

Why did unions and strikes have very little success in Latin America in the 19th century?

A
  • Brutal repression by caudillos
  • Difficult to unify various races & classes
23
Q

What was the US impact in Latin America in the 19th century?

A
  • US made some modest foreign investments in Latin America
  • But foreign investment = foreign control
  • Pro-business government in the US engaged in frequent military interventions to protect US businesses in Latin America
  • US offered “Dependent Development”
24
Q

What are examples of groups the US supported in the 19th century?

A
  • US supported many caudillos & “banana republics”
  • Panama Canal & United Fruit Company
25
Q

What’s the definition of “Dependent Development”?

A

When a country’s industrialization is built with foreign cash, controlled and favors foreigners AKA economic imperialism

26
Q

What was the initial cause of the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920)?

A

To get rid of Porfirio Díaz a military dictator & caudillo

27
Q

Efforts in the north (Pancho Villa) and the South ( Emiliano Zapata) were inspired by what in the early 20th century?

A

Desire to redistribute land to poor peasants & indigenous Mexicans

28
Q

Which countries intervened in the Civil War between many factions in Mexico from 1910-1920?

A
  • United States
  • Germany
  • Britain
29
Q

What were the results of the Mexican Revolution?

A
  • End of dictatorship & creation of a democratic state
  • Universal male suffrage
  • Land redistribution to the poor
  • Government can seize private property for the good of the state; puts limits on foreign investment
  • Labor Laws
  • Weakening of the Catholic Church
  • Not a socialist revolution, but resulted in the adoption of many socialist ideas
30
Q

What were some labor laws that were a result of the Mexican Revolution in 1920?

A
  • Minumum Wage
  • 8-hour workday
  • equal pay for women

AP World SHEs (19 decks)

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