Toxicology

Question 0

Used to treat effects of nerve agent poisoning; also in other cholinergic poisoning incldg pesticide & mushroom poisoning, physostigmine & pilocarpine overdose.
SE: Dry mouth, blurred vision, photophobia, & tachycardia, heat intolerance or impair temperature regulation, constipation, & difficulty in micturition S/S Atropine poisoning: dilated pupils, flushed face, fever, tachycardia, dry mouth urinary retention; ataxia, CNS excitation.

Answer 0

G atropine sulfate
B

Class: Anticholinergic

Question 1

Blocks absorption of certain ingested poisons. SE: black feces. Best results are when administered w/in 30 min of poison ingestion
Will stain clothes. Sorbitol mixture more palatable.

Answer 1

G activated charcoal
B

Class: Adsorbent

Question 2

Tx of allergic reactions (tissue swelling, itching) SE: drowsiness; anticholinergic effects as dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation.

Answer 2

G diphenhydrAMINE
B Benadryl

Class: Antihistamine

Question 3

Antidote for acetaminophen overdose. SE: nausea; rhinorrhea; allergic reaction For oral intake dilute in cola to minimize vomiting.

Answer 3

G acetylcysteine
B Mucomyst

Class: Antidote

Question 4

Antidote for digoxin overdose, toxic accumulation of digoxin

SE: hypokalemia. Digoxin levels falsely grossly elevated after administration

Answer 4

G digoxin immune
fab
B Digibind

Class: Antidote

Question 5

Reverses effects of opiates
SE: Opioid withdrawal syndrome may occur, agitation, hypo- & hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, encephalopathy, seizures, coma, & death.

Answer 5

G naloxone
B Narcan

Class: Antidote

Question 6

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (provides for á acetylcholine).   Antidote for overdose of anticholinergics (such as atropine poisoning). SE:  N/V, epigastric pain, miosis, salivation, sweating, lacrimation, dyspnea, bronchospasm.
S/S Atropine poisoning: dilated pupils, flushed face, fever, tachycardia, dry mouth urinary retention; ataxia, CNS excitation.

Answer 6

G physostigmine
B Antilirium

Class: Antidote

Question 7

Antidote in poisoning due to anti-cholinesterase activity (resulting in too much acetylcholine activity)
Used w/atropine to treat nerve agent (organophosphate) poisoning such as sarin poisoning; also for pesticide poisoning SE: Pain where the medicine was injected, blurred vision, feeling dizzy or drowsy, headache, or nausea.

Answer 7

G pralidoxime
B Protopam

Class: Antidote

Question 8

Antidote for heparin & LMW heparins overdose SE: hypersensitivity; SOB, bradycardia, BP changes

Answer 8

G protamine sulfate
B

Class: Antidote

Question 9

Treatment for Clostridium botulinum poisoning.

Answer 9

G botulinum immune
globulin

Class: Antitoxin (Botulinum)

Question 10

Tx of heavy metal poisoning, esp. lead SE: acute tubular necrosis; discontinue if hematuria, proteinuria, or anuria occur Given IM BID x 3-5 days.

Answer 10

G calcium EDTA
B

Class: Antidote (Chelating agent)

Question 11

Antidote for warfarin overdose

SE: unusual taste; hypersensitivity

Answer 11

G vitamin K
B AquaMephyton

Class: Antidote (vitamin)

Question 12

Helps prevent effects of radiation fallout (blocks uptake by thyroid of radioactive iodine 131) SE: Generally well tolerated
Must be taken soon after exposure (at the most w/in 48 hrs); each dose protects for 24 hrs so dosing must be repeated daily until threat of fallout has passed.

Answer 12

G potassium iodide
B

Class: Anti-thyroid agent

Question 13

Reverses effects of benzodiazepines SE: N&V, dizziness; risk of seizures in pt in benzodiazepine withdrawal
Short half-life, monitor patient for recurrent respiratory depression.

Answer 13

G flumazenil
B Romazicon

Class: Reversal agent

Question 14

Tx serious allergic reactions
SE: Tachycardia, stronger or irregular heartbeat, sweating, n/v, difficulty breathing, paleness, dizziness, weakness or shakiness, headache, apprehension, nervousness or anxiety. 1:1000 soln for IM, SC; 1:10:000 strength solution for IV.

Answer 14

G EPINEPHrine
B

Class: Vasopressor/vasoconstrictor