Anti-infectives Flashcards
3rd generation cephalosporin, broad spectrum bactericidal. SE: diarrhea, á risk of antibiotic associated pseudo-membranous- colitis often r/t C diff; allergic reaction. Potential cross sensitivity with PCN
Able to cross blood-brain barrier
Do not administer with lactated Ringers solution.
G cefTRIAXone
B Rocephin
Class: Antibiotic (Cephalosporin)
Bactericidal; for more serious (gm- but also MRSA) infections. SE: rash; photo-sensitivity; ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity; poss. neurotoxicity (rare) Narrow TI, do peaks & troughs
Mean, old glycosides
G gentamicin
B Garamycin
Class: Antibiotic (Aminoglycoside)
Broad spectrum bactericidal. SE: diarrhea, pseudo-membranous colitis; rash; photosensitivity; may cause confusion in elderly. Black box warning: Associated with tendonitis & rupture of Achilles tendon.
G ciprofloxacin
B Cipro
Class: Antibiotic (Fluoroquinolone)
Only for most serious (gm +) infections incldg hospital acquired MRSA, C-Diff. SE: “red man” syndrome allergic reaction (give IV slowly over 60 min to â this risk); ototoxic, nephrotoxic (ck urine output). Narrow TI, do peak & troughs.
G vancomycin
B Vancocin
Class: Antibiotic (Glycopeptide antibiotics)
Mild-mod URI caused by Streptococcus pyogenes; Streptococcus pneumoniae; SE: diarrhea, rash; poss. dysrthythmias. Eliminated by liver in bile, ck liver enzymes esp. if dk urine
G erythromycin
B E-mycin
Class: Antibiotic (Macrolide)
Antibacterial (including anaerobic) & anti-protozoan; esp. used for GI infections. SE: rash; metallic taste in mouth, dk urine; NO ETOH! May give w/food or milk to â GI upset.
G metroNIDAZOLE
B Flagyl
Class: Antibiotic
(Nitroimidazoles)
PCN, broad spectrum (against both gm+ & gm-) bactericidal; inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. SE: diarrhea; allergic reactn (from rash to anaphylaxis). Clavulanate may be added for á strength against penicillinase secreting bacteria (Augmentin) Give WITH food
G amoxicillin
B Amoxil
Class: Antibiotic (PCN)
Broad spec bacteriostatic & bactericidal; “sulfa” drug; inhibits folic acid synthesis needed for metabolism. SE: rash; crystalluria; photosensitivity; can cause blood dyscrasias, serious skin disorder. Keep pt well hydrated;
G TMP-SMZ
B Bactrim, Septra
Class: Antibiotic (Sulfa)
Broad spectrum, but increase use has increased resistance. SE: rash; photosensitivity; causes staining of teeth in â 8 yr olds. Do not give PO form w/milk or any calcium containing products. Contraindicated in pregnancy
G tetracycline HCl
B Sumycin
Class: Antibiotic (Tetracycline)
Broad spectrum antifungal. SE: may cause rash, N&V but generally well tolerated. Given PO, IV, topically.
G fluconazole
B Diflucan
Class: Antifungal
Local candidiasis infections (such as oral, “thrush”). Generally well tolerated. NOT A STATIN
“Swish & swallow”; also available as topical cream & powder
G nystatin
B Mycostatin
Class: Antifungal
TB prophylaxis &/or treatment; given in combination w/other antituberculars for tx. SE: rash; peripheral neuropathy (pyridoxine may help â this), confusion; behavior chngs, hepatotoxicity (monitor labs for liver fn, ck for jaundice).
G INH
izoniazid
B
Class: Antitubercular
Broad spec bactericidal esp. used as anti-tubercular (given w/other antituberculars if for TB tx). SE: rash; turns urine (& other body fluids) reddish orange; poss. hepatotoxicity so monitor liver enzymes.
G rifampin
B Rifadin
Class: Antitubercular
Helps decrease severity of S/S rather than curing; esp. for herpes/ varicella infections, zoster/ shingles.
SE: rash; H/A; may be nephrotoxic esp. w/lg IV doses; poss. bone marrow suppression, anemia.
G acyclovir
B Zovirax
Class: Anti-viral
Herpes infections including zoster/ shingles. SE: Dizziness, drowsiness, kidney problems, mental/mood changes shaky/unsteady movement, trouble speaking.
Rare life-threatening disorder more likely to occur with conditions related to a weakened immune system. Taken PO; not for use in immunocompromised pt due to á risk of hemolytic syndrome.
G valACYclovir
B Valtrex
Class: Antiviral
