Cardiovascular

Question 0

Loop diuretic, produces strong diuresis. For tx of HTN, HF. Enc increase K+ foods. SE: dehydration, hypotension, diarrhea, hypokalemia, w/weakness, muscle/ leg cramps.

Answer 0

G: furosemide

B: Lasix

Question 1

Thiazide diuretic, produces moderate diuresis, used in tx of HTN, HF. Enc increase K+ foods. SE: dehydration, hypokalemia w/weakness.

Answer 1

G: hydrochlorothiazide

B: HCTZ

Question 2

K+ sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonist, mild diuresis, tx of HTN, HF SE: H/A, hyperkalemia, w/weakness.

Answer 2

G: spironolactone

B: Aldactone

Question 3

Anti hypertensive, ACE inhibitor, Decrease aldosterone release, increase water and salt release. Peripheral vasodilation. Also tx for HF, better absorption in empty stomach, SE: annoying cough, hypotension, weakness, hyperkalemia, angioedema.

Answer 3

G: captopril

B: Capoten

Question 4

Anti hypertensive, angiotensin II receptor blocker, (ARB) decrease aldosterone release, increase water and salt release, peripheral (esp arterial)vasodilation. Also for tx of HF, SE: not cough, hypotension, dizziness, less risk of hyperkalemia.

Answer 4

G: losartan

B: Cozaar

Question 5

Anti hypertensive, anti anginal, cardio selective beta(andrenergic) blocker (BB) ⬇️❤️stimulation. Caution in asthma&diabetic pt. SE: fatigue, weakness, hypotension, heart block and HF bradycardia,(hold if pulse below 60).

Answer 5

G: metoprolol

B: Lopressor, Toprol XL

Question 6

Anti hypertensive, alpha(andrenergic) blocker(AB), blocks effects of norepinephrine on vascular bed, periphery artery and vein vasodilation. SE: H/A, dizziness, possible fluid retention, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia , advice pt of 1st dose fainting due to hypotension.

Answer 6

G: prazosin

B: Minipress

Question 7

Anti hypertensive, anti anginal, CCB, decrease work load of heart, decrease Ca+ conduction thru AV node& peripheral arterial vasodilation. Acts mainly on arterial smooth muscle, SE: H/A, reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema,constipation.

Answer 7

G: amLODIPine

B: Norvasc

Question 8

Anti hypertensive, periph(arterial) vasodilator, relaxes vascular smooth muscle, SE: H/A, dizziness, reflex tachycardia.

Answer 8

G: hydrALAZINE

B: Apresoline

Question 9

Cardiotonic, increase force of cardiac contraction, antidysrhythmic, (atrial tachydysrythmics) cardiac glycoside, monitor bld level (0.5-2ng/ml) SE: anorexia, N&V, decrease pulse(hold if AP below 60) vision changes inldg greenish yellow halos.

Answer 9

G: digoxin

B: Lanoxin

Question 10

Vasodilator, incldg peripheral veins, coronary arteries, anti anginal. SE: H/A, hypotension, tachycardia, dizziness.

Answer 10

G: nitroglycerin

B: Nitrostat

Question 11

Anti-anginal,hypertensive, and disrhythmic, CCB,leads to decrease work of heart by decrease conduction through AV node and peripheral arterial vasodilation. Also tx of migraines. SE: bradycardia, hypotension, heartblock, HF, fluid overload, peripheral edema, constipation.

Answer 11

G: verapamil

B: Calan

Question 12

Antianginal, hypertensive, and disrhythmic, non selective beta blocker, decrease heart stimulation, bronchoconstriction by inhibiting bronchiole receptor. SE: bradycardia, hypotension, Heart block, can cause broncho spasm avoid use in asthma pt.

Answer 12

G: propranolol

B: Inderal

Question 13

Anti-disrhythmic (ventricular tachydysrythmias) Na+ channel blocker, also local anesthetic. SE: increase or decrease pulse. Drowsiness in high doses. Parenthesis, convulsions at toxic levels.

Answer 13

lidocaine

Question 14

Anti-dysthymic,(ventricular tachydysrythmias) K+ channel blocker, monitor EKG, SE: bradycardia, hypotension, heart block, HF, vision changes, photosensitivy, poss thyroid and lung toxicity.

Answer 14

G: amiodarone

B: Cordarone

Question 15

Antidysrhythmic,(bradycardia) anticholinergic, for tx of bradycardia, SE: anticholinergic effects, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation. Drowsiness, tachycardia.

Answer 15

atropine sulfate

Question 16

Vasopressor, adrenergic agonist. To improve BP, P, cardiac output, renal vasodilation w/ increase urine output in shock. SE: adrenergic effects as H/A, palpitations, excessive increase BP, IV infiltration can cause tissue necrosis.

Answer 16

G: DOPamine

B: Intropin

Question 17

Vasopressor/vasoconstrictor, increase pulse & myocardial contractility in shock. Bronchodilator for tissue shock. Also in serious allergic reactions. Anti-asthmatic, SE: nervousness, tremor, hypertension.

Answer 17

G: EPINEPHrine

B: Adrenalin