Blood Meds

Question 0

Anticoagulant; prevention of thrombus formation (DVT, PEm); [antidote—protamine sulfate] Interferes w/factor Xa and thrombin clotting factors needed for fibrin formation; monitor aPTT (therapeutic range:1.5-2 X normal; 60-80 secs) SE: bleeding, bruising

Answer 0

G heparin

B

Question 1

Anticoagulant; prevention of thrombus formation (DVT, PEm) Increases inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa clotting factor and thrombin; monitor platelet levels SE: bleeding, anemia

Answer 1

G dalteparin

B Fragmin

Question 2

Anticoagulant; prevention of thrombus formation [antidote—vitamin K] Interferes w/Vit K synthesis needed for 4 clotting factors including prothrombin; monitor PT (therapeutic: 18-24 secs), INR (2-3); often used long term SE: bleeding, hematoma

Answer 2

G warfarin

B Coumadin

Question 3

Platelet aggregate inhibitor; prevention of arterial thrombosis; also NSAID, antipyretic Used for TIA, MI prophylaxis in low dose; SE: GI upset, GI bldg; toxic levels cause tinnitus, metabolic acidosis

Answer 3

G  aspirin (ASA)
B

Question 4

Platelet aggregate inhibitor; for prevention of arterial thrombosis, TIAs Esp for thromboembolism prevention after MI & assoc w/prosthetic devices as heart valves & hip replacement; SE: bleeding (including GI)

Answer 4

G clopidogrel

B Plavix

Question 5

Platelet aggregate inhibitor; also a vasodilator; promotes bld flow; for tx of PVD (arterial), intermittent claudication Best taken w/o food on empty stomach SE: H/A; palpitations

Answer 5

G cilostazol

B Pletal

Question 6

Thrombolytic agent; initial tx of MI, PEm, acute ischemic stroke SE: local and internal bleeding

Answer 6

G alteplase

B tPA

Question 7

Thrombolytic agent, tx of MI, DVT, PEm, arterial emboli or thrombosis SE: local and internal bleeding​

Answer 7

G streptokinase

B Streptokase

Question 8

Anti-lipidemic; bile acid sequestrant; acts to lower cholesterol Mix powder in water or juice SE: N&V, GI cramping, constipation

Answer 8

G cholestyramine

B Questran

Question 9

Anti-lipidemic; acts mainly to lower triglycerides; some decrease in cholesterol (LDLs- low density lipoproteins) Ck periodic liver enzymes SE: GI disturb, gall stones; hepatatoxicity; myopathy/ rhabdomyolysis (rare)

Answer 9

G gemfibrozil

B Lopid

Question 10

Anti-lipidemic, “statin”; acts to lower cholesterol (lowerLDLs, raise HDLs) & lower triglycerides; usually given long term Ck periodic liver enzymes; best taken in the evening SE: H/A, GI upset; hepatatoxicity; myopathy/rhabdomyolysis; poss cataracts

Answer 10

Atorvastatin

B Lipitor

Question 11

Anti-lipidemic: acts to lower triglycerides (VLDLs), cholesterol (lower LDLs w/some raising ofHDLs; very large doses (100 x RDA) SE: skin flushing, burning sensation to arms, neck (taking ASA 325 mg 30 min before dosing helps prevent this); GI irritation; hepatotoxicity

Answer 11

G nicotinic acid [niacin]

B

Question 12

Anti-anemic; mineral in hemoglobin, myogloblin, many enzymes No antacid or milk w/in hr of adm; best if taken w/o food on empty stomach SE: nausea, constipation, melena, teeth staining (liquid)

Answer 12

G ferrous sulfate

B Feosol

Question 13

Anti-anemic; necessary for metabolic processes & blood cell production PO, nasal spray form; Subcutaneously or IM form for pernicious anemia; SE: H/A, diarrhea; allergic reactions

Answer 13

G vitamin B 12

B (cyanocobalamin)

Question 14

Anti-anemic; nec for RBC formation, normal fetal dev (neural tube) SE: rash, sleep disturb

Answer 14

G folic acid

B

Question 15

Hematopoietic growth factor; stimulates RBC production Biologic response modifier SE: H/A, raise BP; thrombotic events (MI, stroke) if hemoglobin > 12 g/dL

Answer 15

G epoetin alfa

B Epogen

Question 16

Hematopoietic growth factor; stimulates WBC production Biologic response modifier SE: bone aches, leukocytosis

Answer 16

G filgrastim

B Neupogen

Question 17

Hematopoietic growth factor; stimulates platelet productionSE: fluid retention; dysrhythmias, A Fib; dyspnea; conjunctival hemorrhage

Answer 17

G oprelvekin (interleukin                                11)
B  Neumega