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EMT 106 > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

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1
Q

Poison

A

Any substance that impairs health or causes death by its chemical action when it enters the body or come in contact with skin

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2
Q

Toxicology

A

Study of toxins, antidotes, and the effects of toxins on the body

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3
Q

Antidote

A

Substance that will neutralize or counteract the effects of poison

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4
Q

Common Antidotes

A
  • Naloxone = Narcotic OD
  • Oxygen = Carbon Monoxide poisoning
  • Atropine 2 Pam Chloride = Pesticide/ Nerve gas exposure
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5
Q

Ingestion

A
  • Drug/ substance swallowed/ absorbed into GI tract/ small intestine
  • Slow onset
  • Most common
  • Find out what they took, how much, when and their weight
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6
Q

Ingestion SxSx

A
  • Swelling or burns around the mouth
  • Nausea/ vomiting/ diarrhea
  • ALOC
  • Abdominal pain
  • Others, depending on drug
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7
Q

What does Activated Charcoal do?

A

Trade names:
- Actidose, Actidose- aqua

Actions:
- Binds to poisons in the stomach, not allowing them to be get absorbed in the blood stream

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8
Q

Activated Charcoal Side effects

A
  • Black stools
  • Vomiting
  • Repeat dose if patient vomits
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9
Q

Activated Charcoal Indications and Contradictions

A

Indications:
- Ingestion
- Within one hour of ingestion

Contradictions
- Inability to swallow
- ALOC
- Acids or alkalis (bleach, ethyl alcohol)
- Cyanide

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10
Q

Activated Charcoal Dose

A
  • 1gm/ kg
  • Adults: 30- 100g
  • Children: 12.5- 25g
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11
Q

Inhalation

A
  • Breathing in a poison
  • Rapid onset
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12
Q

Inhalation SxSx

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Chest pain
  • Airway or breathing sounds (Stridor, Hoarseness, Coughing, Wheezing, Crackles)
  • Neurological issues (Dizzy, Headache, ALOC,, Seizures)
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13
Q

What is Injection and some examples?

A
  • Injected under the skin, into a muscle, or directly into a blood stream
  • Bites and stings
  • Drugs
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14
Q

Injections SxSx

A
  • Injection site swelling
  • Euphoria
  • Nausea/ vomiting
  • Weakness/ Fever/ Chills
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15
Q

What is Absorption?

A
  • Poison enters through skin or mucous membranes
  • Plant or chemicals
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16
Q

Absorption SxSx

A
  • Liquid or powders on skin
  • Burns/ blisters
  • Rash
  • Itching/ redness/ swelling
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17
Q

What is Carbon Monoxide poisoning and examples?

A
  • Colorless, tasteless, odorless gas
  • Binds to RBC at a much higher affinity than hemoglobin, so hemoglobin cannot bind
  • Causes: incomplete combustion (furnaces, water heaters, gas stove, fire places, car exhausts)
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18
Q

Carbon Monoxide poisoning SxSx

A
  • Headache
  • Nausea/ vomiting
  • Confusion
  • Cherry red lips/ skin (Late sign)

Skins are still pink because RBC’s are fully saturated

19
Q

Pesticide Exposure/ SLUDGEM

A
  • includes insecticides and nerve agents
  • Salvation
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Defecation
  • GI upset
  • Emesis (vomiting)
  • Miosis (construction of pupils)
20
Q

Drug Abuse

A

Self admin of drugs or medications in a manner not approved by medical or social norms

21
Q

Overdose

A

Poisoning with drugs or alcohol

22
Q

Withdrawal

A

Period of abstinence from a drug to which the body has become accustomed

23
Q

Tolerance

A

Larger doses required to get the same effect

24
Q

Drugs/ Alcohol Withdrawal Stage ONE

A
  • 8 hours from last drink
  • Nausea, insomnia, sweating, tremors
25
Q

Drugs/ Alcohol Withdrawal Stage TWO

A
  • 8-72 hours from last drink
  • Worsening symptoms
  • Hallucinations start
26
Q

Drugs/ Alcohol Withdrawal Stage THREE

A
  • 48 hours plus from last drink
  • Same S/S
  • Seizures can happen in this stage
27
Q

Drugs/ Alcohol Withdrawal Stage FOUR

A
  • 1-14 days since last drink
  • Delirium Tremens/ DT’s
  • True medical emergency, life threatening
  • Loss of memory, hallucinations, fevers, sweating, insomnia, confusion, psychosis
  • Can last three days
28
Q

What are Opioids?

A
  • Depressant derived from opium or synthetics
29
Q

What are examples of opioid/ narcortics?

A
  • Heroin
  • Fentanyl
  • Morphine
  • Vicodin/ Hydrocodone
  • Percocet/ Oxycontin/ Oxycodone
  • Dilaudid
30
Q

Opioids SxSx

A
  • Respiratory depression or arrest
  • Pinpoint pupils
  • Hypotension
31
Q

Naloxone/ Narcan Indications and Contradictions

A

Indications:
- Suspected Opioid OD with respiratory depression (less than 12 or arrest)

Contradictions:
- Known hypersensitivity

32
Q

Naloxone/ Narcan Actions and Side effects

A

Actions:
- Opioid antagonist
- Binds to opioid receptors site to reverse respiratory depression

Side effects:
- Possible acute withdrawal

33
Q

Naloxone/ Narcan Dosage

A

Intranasal= 2 mg (1mg per nostril)

34
Q

CNS Stimulant

A
  • Excite the CNS
  • Cocaine, crack, meth, PCP, diet pills, MDMA/ ecstacy
35
Q

Examples of CNS stimulants

A
  • Cocaine
  • crack
  • meth
  • PCP
  • diet pills
    -MDMA/ ecstacy
36
Q

CNS Stimulant SxSx

A
  • Excitable
  • Nervous
  • Hypertension
  • Dilated Pupils
  • Tachycardia
37
Q

CNS Depressant

A
  • Depress the CNS
38
Q

Examples of CNS depressants

A
  • Alcohol
  • Benzodiazepines (Xanax/ Alprazolam, Ativan, Valium)
39
Q

CNS Depressant SxSx

A
  • Euphoria
  • Drowsy
  • Dilated pupils
  • Sluggish
  • Bradypnea
40
Q

What are Hallucinogens

A
  • Cause hallucinations, psychedelic drugs
41
Q

Examples of Hallucinogens

A
  • LSD
  • PCP
  • Bath salts
  • MDMA
  • Ketamine
  • Mushrooms
42
Q

Hallucinogens SxSx

A
  • Anxiety/ Paranoia
  • Violent behavior
  • Hallucinations
  • Dilated pupils
  • Tachycardia
43
Q

Why are skins red in carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

RBC are fully saturated with carbon monoxide molecules because they are more adhesive than oxygen. Late sign.

EMT 106 (18 decks)

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