OB and care of the newborn Flashcards

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1
Q

Ovaries

A
  • Female gonads, or sex glands
  • Secrete hormones estrogen and progesterone
  • Release egg needed for reproduction
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2
Q

Fallopian tubes

A
  • Extend from the ovaries to uterus
  • Hold the eggs
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3
Q

Uterus

A
  • Pear shaped organ that hold the fetus
  • Top: FUNDUS
  • Middle: BODY
  • Bottom: CERVIX
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4
Q

Placenta

A
  • Organ of pregnancy
  • Provided oxygen and nutrients to fetus
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5
Q

Umbilical cord

A
  • Infants life line
  • One vein: Carries oxygenated blood to fetus
  • Two arteries: Carries waste back to the placenta
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6
Q

Amniotic Sac

A
  • Bag of water
  • Contains amniotic fluid
  • Insulates and protects the pregnancy
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7
Q

Vagina

A
  • The birth canal
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8
Q

What are predelivery emergencies?

A
  • Emergencies relating to pregnancy prior to onset of labor
  • Spontaneous abortion, Ectopic pregnancy, Placenta previa, Abruptio placenta, Ruptured uterus, Preeclampsia/ Eclampsia, and Supine hypertensive syndrome
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9
Q

Spontaneous Abortion

A
  • Miscarriage
  • Passage of tissue before the 20th week or gestation
  • USUALLY in the first trimester, between 8-12 weeks gestation
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10
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A
  • First trimester
  • Fertilized egg implants anywhere but the uterus
  • Usually in fallopian tubes
  • Egg starts to grow and develop, rupturing the fallopian tubes

SXSX:
- Intense lower quadrant abd pain described as dull, then sharp, and knife like
- Can lead to internal bleeding and signs of shock possible

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11
Q

Placenta Previa

A
  • 3rd trimester emergency
  • Placenta implants itself over the cervix

SXSX:
- LOTS of vaginal bleeding
- NO pain

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12
Q

Abruptio Placenta

A
  • Common in 1st pregnancy
  • 3rd trimester emergency
  • Placenta prematurely tears away from the uterine wall
  • High mortality rate for mom and baby
  • Many causes, from hypertension to trauma

SXSX:
- LOTS of pain
- LITTLE/ NO bleeding (infants head is covering the cervix)

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13
Q

Ruptured Uterus

A
  • 3rd trimester
  • Spontaneous or traumatic rupture of the uterine wall
  • Release fetus into abdominal cavity

Special question:
- Has the patient has a c- section before?

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14
Q

Preeclampsia/ Eclampsia

A
  • 3rd trimester
  • Characterized by hypertension and swelling of the extremities
  • Preeclampsia turns into Eclampsia when the mother has seizures
  • Pregnancy related seizures have high mortality rate for mother and baby
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15
Q

Supine Hypertensive Syndrome

A
  • 2nd and 3rd trimester
  • Uterus and growing fetus compress the inferior vena cava when the mom lays flat on her back
  • Leads to hypotension when laying down
  • Prop a pillow or similar under the patients right side to ensure the fetus does not compress the inferior vena cava
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16
Q

Gravida

A
  • How many pregnancies?
17
Q

Para

A
  • How many deliveries past 20 weeks gestation
18
Q

Stage one

A
  • Dilation phase
  • Beginning of true labor until full dilation of the cervix
  • Braxton hicks contractions: False labor
19
Q

Stage two

A
  • Expulsion phase
  • Full dilation of the cervix until the baby is born
  • Look for Nuchal Cord: cord wrapped around babys neck

SXSX:
- Contractions 2-3 minutes apart and lasting 60-90 seconds
- Urge to bear down
- Crowing

20
Q

Stage three

A
  • Placenta phase
  • Delivery of the baby until delivery of the placenta
  • 5-20 minutes after
21
Q

Prolapse Cord

A
  • Umbilical cord presents before the head
  • TRUE EMERGENCY
  • Baby can compress the cord, cutting off blood supply
  • Can insert gloved hand into birth canal to lift presenting part of the baby off of the cord
22
Q

Breech birth

A
  • Butt or legs present first
  • Allow deliver to happen
  • If head gets stuck, after 2 minutes, may insert gloved hand into birth canal to make an airway for the baby
23
Q

Limb presentation

A
  • Single arm or leg is presenting
  • TRUE EMERGENCY, cannot deliver in the field
  • Patient will need c section
24
Q

Multiple Births

A
  • Proceed as normal
  • Suspect twins or more if: Belly is large after the baby is born, Size of baby does not correlate to the size of the abd, Intense contractions start after delivery of the first baby
25
Q

Meconium

A
  • Baby had a bowel movement in the amniotic sac
  • When water breaks, fluid is greenish or brown
  • Tells you that the baby was in distress at one time
26
Q

Postpartum Hemorrhage

A
  • Any bleeding over 500cc after baby is born
  • Place mom on high flow O2
  • Massage fundus
  • Baby to breast
27
Q

APGAR out of 10

A

APPEARANCE: 0-2
PULSE: 0-2
- 1: <100
- 2: >100
GRIMACE: 0-2
ACTIVITY: 0-2
RESPIRATIONS: 0-2

28
Q

APGAR Scoring

A
  • 7-10: only routine care
  • 4-6: Simulate baby, O2
  • 0-3: BVM, CPR as needed
29
Q

How often is APGAR done?

A
  • One minute after birth and five minutes after birth
  • As needed after that
30
Q

Premature birth

A

Less than 5 pounds or born before 38th week

31
Q

Postterm Pregnancy

A

Gestation greater than 42 weeks

32
Q

Precipitous Delivery

A

Delivery <3 hours from onset of labor

33
Q

Shoulder Dystocia

A

Shoulders larger than head

34
Q

Premature Rupture of Membranes

A

Water breaks before onset of true labor

35
Q

Preterm Labor

A

Labor between 20th and 37th week