test 1 Flashcards
Abandonment
Failure to transfer patient to competent professional
Assault
Willful threat to inflict harm on patient
Battery
act of touching a patient unlawfully without consent
Negligence
EMT breaches their duty to act or deviated from standard of care
Good Samaritan Laws
Protects a person who is not being paid for their services for liability for acts performed in good faith unless those act constitute gross negligence
Duty to Act
legal obligation to provide service while on duty
Scope Of Practice
actions and care that EMT’s are legally allowed to perform
Informed/ Expressed Consent
Conscious, rational patient that consents to treatment
Implied Consent
patient that is unresponsive, disoriented, or and ill/injured minor would consent to care if conscious and rational
Involuntary Consent
cannot refuse care, mentally incompetent adult or person in custody
DNR
must be signed by patient and physician and presented
Emancipated Minor
married, pregnant/ parent, armed forces, financially independent, emancipated by court
Against Medical Advise (AMA)
patient that is competent to refuse care (ex: person, place, time, and event)
5150
Only physician and law enforcement can put a patient on hold. Person is danger to themselves/ others and or is gravely disabled
Superior Inferior Vena Cava
How blood from the body enters the heart
Right atrium
Upper section of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood
Tricuspid Valve
Blood from the right atrium passes through to reach the right ventricle
Right venticle
Lower half of the heart
Pulmonic valve
Opening to the pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery
Pushes deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Lungs (aveoli)
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
Pulmonary vein
Direct the newly oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs
left artium
Receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs
bicuspid valve
Connects the left atrium to the left ventricle, allows the blood to flow from atrium to ventricle
left ventricle
Strongest section of the heart. Pushes oxygenated blood to the whole body
Aortic valve
Opening to the aorta
Aorta
Main artery of the body
Arteries
Carries blood away from the heart
arterioles
Small kind of arteries, carry blood from arteries into the capillaries. Arteries get smaller further away from the heart
capillaries
Where the exchange of nutrients, gasses, and waste occurs. Connects arterioles to venules (small blood vessels)
venules
Smallest branch of veins, distal end of capillaries
veins
Carry blood back to the heart
coronary arteries
Supply the heart with blood
diastole
Heart muscles are relaxed, allowing for it to fill with blood
systole
Heart muscles contracts/ pumps, forcing the blood out
PENMANN
Personal/ personnel safety
Environment
Number of patients
Mechanism of injury/ nature of Illness
Additional resources
Need for extrication
Need for c-spine
SMNAS
Scene size up
Mechanism of injury
Number of patients
Additional resources
Spinal precautions
OPQRST
Onset
Provocation
Quality
Radiation, Reoccurrence, region, relief
SAMPLE
Signs/ Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up
BRIM
Breathing
Response
Eyes
Motor
When to use BRIM?
Altered level of consciousness
Breathing
Response
Eyes
Movement
PREBELS
Pulse (rate: regular/ irregular, ; strength: strong/weak)
Respirations (full/ shallow; effective/ ?)
Blood pressure
Eyes
Lung sounds (rhonchi, crackles, clear, wheezing)
Skin signs (color, temp, moisture)
Nose/ mouth
Bring in air to the body
nasopharynx
Upper part of the pharynx, where air passes through
oropharynx
Part of the pharynx thats lies between the palate and hyoid bone
hypopharynx
Bottom part of pharynx. Starts behind the nose and ends at the trachea
epigolttis
Flexible cartilage that forms a flap that protects the glottic opening from food or liquids
glottic opening
space between the true vocal cords
trachea
Windpipe, made of smooth muscle and dense connective tissue and is reinforced with cartilage rings to maintain tube shape
carina
Mucus membrane in the trachea and larynx, triggers cough reflex to prevent chocking
Bronchi
Distal end of the trachea, branches into two main tubes
Bronchioles
Smaller branches of bronchi lined with smooth muscle to constrict and dilate
alveoli
At the end of bronchioles are tiny air sacs and capillaries
Internal respiration
Transfer of gas between blood and tissue
External respiration
Gas exchange between air and blood lungs alveoli
How to prove negligence?
duty to act, duty to act was breached, patient suffered and injury, injury is related to breach of duty to act
Skeletal muscle
Striated muscle, voluntary, attached by tendons
Smooth muscle
Non- straited muscle, involuntary, found in organs (respiratory tract, blood vessels, intestinal walls)
Cardiac muscle
Specialized involuntary muscle only found in the heart, only muscle with automaticity (produce an impulse), has its own blood supply
What are signs/ symptoms of inadequate breathing
Tripod, accessory muscle use, retraction, nasal flaring, agitation, altered level of consciousness, cyanosis, tachypnea, apnea, dyspnea
What is the function of the integumentary system?
It is the largest body system. It protects the body, regulates temp
How many layers to the skin?
Three layers.
Epidermis: outer most layer
Dermis: much thicker layer it is rich in blood, contains hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands, and sensory nerves
Subcutaneous layer: fatty tissue that varies in thickness
What are the components of blood?
Red blood cells (Carry nutrients/ dispose of waste)
White blood cells (Kill foreign organisms)
Platelets (Create blood clots)
Plasma (liquid part of blood)
What is the Central Nervous system?
Made of the brain and spinal cord. The control center of the nervous system
What is the Peripheral Nervous system?
Part of the nervous system that is outside of the brain and spinal cord. Carry sensory information to the brain and spinal cord
What is the voluntary nervous system responsible for?
Controls skeletal muscles/ movement, you think about these movements
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?
Influences the activities of the smooth muscles
What is in the RUQ?
Liver (S)
Part of pancreas (S)
Gallbladder (H)
What is in the LUQ?
Stomach (H)
Most of pancreas (S)
Spleen (S)
Part of the liver (S)
What is in the RLQ?
Appendix
Intestines
What is in the LLQ?
Intestines
Auscultate
To listen
Palpate
To feel
What is the function of the skeletal system?
Provides framework to the body and protects vital organs
What are the components of the skeletal system?
Frame work of the body. Consist of bones and connective tissues (cartilage, tendons, and ligaments)
Signs/ symptoms that you are providing adequate ventilations?
Improvement in skins, return of heart rate to normal range, ventilating at proper rate for patient
Signs/ symptoms that you are providing inadequate ventilations?
No improvement in skins and heart rate, abnormal movement, and irregular breath pattern
Cerebellum
“small brain” posterior and inferior parts of the cranium, coordinates muscle activity and balance through the eyes and ears
Cerebrum
Outer portion of the brain, takes up most of the cranium cavity. Controls sensation, thought, speech, and associative memory. Also controls the movements that are conscious control
Perfusion
Delivery of oxygen, glucose, and nutrients to tissue, and the elimination of waste
Alpha 1
Constricts blood vessels
Alpha 2
Regulates Alpha 1 effects
Beta 1
Increases heart rate, force, and automaticity
Beta 2
Dilates smooth muscle
Spinal column
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum (5)
Coccyx (4)
AED shockable rhythms
Ventricular fibrillation (v-fib)
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pulseless v-tach)
Coronary arteries receive blood from?
Diastole
