TEST 4 Flashcards
Facial/ Head injuries
- Airway compromise
- Watch LOC (changes for worse can mean rise in ICP)
- Nausea/ vomiting
- ALOC
Neck injuries
- Airway compromise
- Breathing compromise (C 3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive)
- Neuro compromise
Chest injuries
- Breathing compromise
- Bleeding compromise
Abdominal injuries
- Bleeding compromise (spleen or liver)
- Sepsis
Pelvic injuries
- Bleeding compromise
Extremities
- Femurs bleeding compromise
- Threat to limb
Back
- Bleeding compromise
- Breathing compromise
- Neuro compromise (priapism)
SXSX of Basilar skull fracture
- Bleeding/ fluid coming from the ears or nose
- Possible ALOC
- Battle signs
- Raccoon eyes
SXSX of Epidural bleed
- Possible loss of consciousness initially then awakens with a lucid interval followed by loss of consciousness
- NO loss of consciousness with a lucid interval followed by loss of consciousness
SXSX of Subdural bleed
- Loss of consciousness or ALOC
- Result of venous bleeding
- Most common type of severe close head injury
SXSX of Intracranial pressure
- ALOC
- Rising blood pressure
- Irregular respirations (Cheyne stokes)
- Bradycardia
- Unequal pupils
- Posturing (decorticate or decerebrate)
Cushing’s triad
- Hypertension with widening pulse pressures
- Bradycardia
- Irregular respirations
Hypovolemic shock
- Fluid issue
- Blood loss (hemorrhagic)
- Burn
Obstructive shock
- Pulmonary embolism
- Tension Pneumothorax
- Pericardial tamponade
Cardiogenic shock
- Pump issue
Distributive shock
- Vessel issue
- Anaphylaxis
- Neurogenic
- Septic
Compensated shock
- Body is trying to correct the cardiac output drop
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Restless
- Pale, cool, diaphoretic
- GOOD BP
Decompensated shock
-Compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain perfusion and BP
- Tachycardia (120-140)
- Tachypnea
- Altered/ agitated
- Pale, cool, diaphoretic
- POOR BP/ hypotensive
(LAST SIGN TO DROP)
How to control Venous bleeding
- Direct pressure
- Bandage
- Treat for shock
How to control Arterial or any major hemorrhage
- Direct pressure
- Tourniquet
PASG- Pneumatic Antishock Garmet
- Only National Registry
Indications:
Contradictions:
-
Tendon
Attaches muscle to bone
Ligament
Attaches bone to bone
Cartilage
Cushion
Types of fractures
- Greenstick
- Transverse
- Pathological
Greenstick
- Bone bends and cracks, instead of breaking into separate pieces
- Common in children
- “GREEN” like green wood, bends instead of snaps
Transverse
- Breaks straight across the bone