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First Aid STEP 1 > Toxicity Treatments > Flashcards

Toxicity Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

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2
Q

AChE inhibitor (organophosphates)

A

Atropine (competitive inhibitor, inhibit M receptors in the parasympathetic system) > pralidoxime (regenerates AChE if given early)

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3
Q

Amphetamines (basic)

A

NH4Cl (acidify urine)

The reason for using ammonium chloride is that it can acidify the blood. At blood pH (7.4) the amphetamine molecule is unionised and lipophilic, so it slips back across the cell membranes of the kidney tubules with relative ease when it is filtered.

However, if the blood is acidified, the kidney acidifies the urine to remove the excess acid.

In acidic urine the amphetamine molecule ionises (becomes charged) which greatly reduces its lipophilicity and hence the efficiency with which it can move back across the cell membranes of the kidney tubule cells into the blood stream. Confined to the urine in this way, the amphetamine is removed from the body more efficiently.

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4
Q

Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents

A

Physostigmine, control hyperthermia

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5
Q

Arsenic

A

Dimercaprol, succimer

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6
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil (benzo receptor antagonist)

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7
Q

B-blocker

A

Saline

Atropine (Enhances sinus node automaticity by blocking the effects of acetylcholine at the atrioventricular (AV) node, decreasing refractory time and speeding conduction through the AV node.)

Glucagon (Stimulates production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) through nonadrenergic pathways. Result is enhanced myocardial contractility, heart rate, and AV conduction.)

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8
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

100% O2

Hyperbaric O2

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9
Q

Copper

A

Penicillamine

Trientine

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10
Q

Cyanide

A

Nitrite + thiosulfate

Hydroxocobalamin

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11
Q

Digitalis (digoxin)

A

Anti-dig Fab fragments

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12
Q

Gold

A

Penicillamine
Dimercaprol (BAL)
Succimer

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13
Q

Heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

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14
Q

Iron

A

DeFEroxamine
DeFErasirox
DeFEriprone

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15
Q

Lead

A

EDTA
Dimercaprol
Succimer
Penicillamine

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16
Q

Mercury

A

DiMERCaprol

Succimer

17
Q

Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

A

Fomepizole > ethanol

Dialysis

18
Q

Methemoglobin

A

Methylene blue

Vit C

19
Q

Opiods

A

Nalozone

20
Q

Salicylates

A

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine)
– reverse of amphetamines here, by making urine more basic, aspirin becomes charged and trapped

Dialysis

21
Q

TCAs

A

NAHCO3
- Plasma alkalinization promotes TCA binding to TCA plasma binding protein (alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG)) and prevent it from acting on sodium channels

22
Q

Warfarin

A 
Vit K (delayed)
FFP (immediate)

First Aid STEP 1 (21 decks)

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