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First Aid STEP 1 > Teratogens > Flashcards

Teratogens Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Renal damage

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2
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

OTOtoxicity

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4
Q

Antiepileptic drugs

A

Neural tube defects, cardiac defects, cleft palate, skeletal abnormalitites (phalanx/nail hypoplasia, facial dysmorphim)

High dose folate supplementation recommended

MC: valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital

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5
Q

Diethylstilbestrol

A

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

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6
Q

Folate antagonists

A

Neural tube defect

Ex: trimethoprim, methotrexate, antiepileptics

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7
Q

Isotretinoin

A

Multiple severe birth defects

Contraception mandatory during treatment

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8
Q

Lithium

A

Ebstein anomaly (apical displacement of tricuspid valve)

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9
Q

Methimazole

A

Aplasia cutis congenita

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10
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Discolored teeth, inhibited bone growth

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11
Q

Thalidomide

A

Limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia, flipper limbs)

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12
Q

Warfarin

A

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

Heparin does not cross placenta so use that instead

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13
Q

Alcohol

A

Birth defects and intellectual disability

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14
Q

Cocaine

A

LBW, preterm, IUGR, placental abruption (vasoconstriction)

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15
Q

Smoking

A

LBW, preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, SIDS

Nicotine leads to vasoconstriction
CO leads to impaired O2 delivery

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16
Q

Iodine (lack or excess)

A

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

17
Q

Maternal diabetes

A

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, macrosomia

18
Q

Methylmercury

A

Neurotoxicity

Highest in swordfish, shark, tilefish, king mackerel

19
Q

Vit A excess

A

Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects

20
Q

XRAY

A

Microcephaly, intellectual disability (lead shield)

First Aid STEP 1 (21 decks)

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