Teratogens Flashcards
ACE inhibitor
Renal damage
Alkylating agents
Absence of digits, multiple anomalies
Aminoglycosides
OTOtoxicity
Antiepileptic drugs
Neural tube defects, cardiac defects, cleft palate, skeletal abnormalitites (phalanx/nail hypoplasia, facial dysmorphim)
High dose folate supplementation recommended
MC: valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital
Diethylstilbestrol
Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies
Folate antagonists
Neural tube defect
Ex: trimethoprim, methotrexate, antiepileptics
Isotretinoin
Multiple severe birth defects
Contraception mandatory during treatment
Lithium
Ebstein anomaly (apical displacement of tricuspid valve)
Methimazole
Aplasia cutis congenita
Tetracyclines
Discolored teeth, inhibited bone growth
Thalidomide
Limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia, flipper limbs)
Warfarin
Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities
Heparin does not cross placenta so use that instead
Alcohol
Birth defects and intellectual disability
Cocaine
LBW, preterm, IUGR, placental abruption (vasoconstriction)
Smoking
LBW, preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, SIDS
Nicotine leads to vasoconstriction
CO leads to impaired O2 delivery
Iodine (lack or excess)
Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)
Maternal diabetes
Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, macrosomia
Methylmercury
Neurotoxicity
Highest in swordfish, shark, tilefish, king mackerel
Vit A excess
Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects
XRAY
Microcephaly, intellectual disability (lead shield)
