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Geography > Tourism 2 > Flashcards

Tourism 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are second cities

A

lesser-known areas in country that offer tourism experience

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2
Q

link to motiv of travel

why are there emergence of new tourism types

A
  • globalisation result, increased info, social media
  • cater, diff. interests

LINK
Motivation to Travel: Need for new travel experiences

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3
Q

features of adventure tourism

A
  • natural environments
  • challenging physical activities
  • seek to achieve personal growth, fulfillment

motivation to travel

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4
Q

always link to motiv. to travel

y go heritage tourism

A
  • activities learn history, culture
  • understand rich, unique cultures

spot the motivation to travel!

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5
Q

characteristics of location for heritage tourism

A
  • rich history, culture
  • esp UNESCO
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6
Q

y go sports tourism

A

observe sporting event:
- enjoyment, need for relaxation
participate sporting event
- need for self-fulfillment

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7
Q

y ppl health tourism

A
  • medical care, enhance overall health
  • physical, mental, spiritual wellbeing
  • cheaper, shorter waiting time, exclusive proceedures
  • self-esteem
  • need for self-fulfillment
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8
Q

characteristics of location of sports tourism

A
  • place where sporting event held
  • sporting facilities (i.e. track)

Remember Paris Olympics for this e.g.

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9
Q

characteristics of location of health tourism

A
  • renowned/exclusive medical services/well-being availible
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10
Q

2 general trends in supply of tourism

A
  • specalist operators complement services mass market tour operators
  • tourism market print, broadcast media -> online media
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11
Q

what does small specalist tour operators supply? What dose mass market tour operators supply?

A

small specialist tour operators
- niche travel
mass market tour operators
- mass tour package

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12
Q

most tourism services supplied by…?

A
  • mass market tour operators
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13
Q

Mass market tour operators characteristics

A
  • companies/ppl that supply tour packages cater 2 masses
  • tour packages include other tourism services (i.e. transport, accomodation)

(mass market tour packages)

includes other services so that
- mobility to travel
- pull factor

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14
Q

why are mass market tours attractive to tourists

A
  • relatively cheaper tour operators buy services in bulk -> lower costs
  • less mafan book other provided services like food, accomodation
  • trustable tour operators know the ropes

RECAP
Tour Operators
International Businesses
Local Businesses
Govt
Locals
Tourists

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15
Q

characteristics of special tour operators

A
  • companies/ppl supply tours niche travel
  • specialise specific destinations/tourism experiences
  • not widely purchased
  • tour guides experts their field
  • increasingly popular globalisation + social media
  • customisable
  • small groups
  • usually mass tour dun have
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16
Q

Trend of shift of tourism marketing stats

A

70% tourists use Internet research, plan trips

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17
Q

2 econ. negative impacts brought out by tourism

A
  • economic leakages -> less tourism revenue for country
  • overdepend on tourism
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18
Q

how does economic leakage happen?

A

revenue generated by tourism lost to economies of other country
- when goods bought from other country to support tourism industry

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19
Q

what are the consequences of economic leakage?

A
  • lesser revenue improve standard of living citizens
  • wipe out huge amounts economic benefits tourism
20
Q

define overdependence on tourism

A
  • country vulnerable to sudden fall in tourist numbers

LINK
Likely in growth/consolidation stage

21
Q

4 unexpected events that cause drastic fall in tourism numbers

A
  • natural disasters
  • unfavourable political situations
  • economic downturn
  • outbreak of diseases
22
Q

why does unfavourable political situations cause fall in tourist numbers?

A
  • riots, protests, closure of hotels, tourist attractions
  • tourist fear for safety
  • govt. may even close off affected area
23
Q

why does economic downturn cause fall in tourist numbers

A
  • companies cut cost, retrench people
  • less disposable income to spend on tourism
24
Q

why does outbreak of diseases cause tourist numbers to drop?

A
  • fear for safety
  • govt. choose to issue travel advisory
  • govt. close of affected area

all decrease no. of tourists

25
Q

define commodification

A
  • turning smth into commodity that is bought/sold
26
Q

define cultural clash

A
  • dislike, hostility, struggle between communities w/ diff values, beliefs
27
Q

how does tourism positively impact society and culture

A
  • enhance cultural ecosystem services
  • cultural preservation
28
Q

how does tourism negatively impact society and culture

A
  • commodification of cultural practices, art forms
  • cultural clashes
  • increased crime
29
Q

why does tourism contribute to cultural preservation?

A
  • tourists keen visit place w/ rich cultural heritage
  • tourism revenue boost local economy -> incentive protect cultural practice, art forms
  • authorities invest money, enhancing preservation efforts
30
Q

why does tourism contribute to enhancing cultural ecosystem services?

A
  • env protected tourist activities, experiences -> enhance cultural ecosystem service offered nature

asthetic, educational, recreational, spiritual benefits

31
Q

how does tourism lead to commodification of cultural practices, artforms?

A
  • demand for heritage tourism increase
  • traditions commodified, lose authenticity
  • exaggerated, staged, fit suit needs of tourists

DEFINE COMMODIFICATION
- turning smth into commodity that is bought/sold

32
Q

harms of commodification of cultural practices, artforms

A

harms
- weakens cultural value for local community, tourists
- conflict amongst locals who want to preserve practices VS those who wanna use culture for revenue

33
Q

how does tourism cause cultural clashes btwn tourist local

A
  • tourists insensitive local norms
  • increased cost living, congestion, crime
34
Q

how does tourism cause rise of crimes?

A
  • tourists carry large sum $$ destination site, attract theft
  • locals harbor resentment towards them
35
Q

how does the nature of interaction between locals, tourists impact tourism?

A
  • tourist, locals mutually affect ea other
  • determine nature social impacts tourism
  • often unequal
  • tourism industry focus more tourist
  • local communities accomodate tourists their own expense

power difference

36
Q

who feels the majority of negative social impacts of tourism?

A
  • local communities
37
Q

where are the negative environmental impacts of tourismm felt?

A

Tourist destination region where local comm. reside
- affect ecosystem services

LINK
Nature provides important regulating ecosystem services
- air, water quality

38
Q

Positive env. impacts of tourism

A
  • conservation of natural environments + biodiversity
  • Restore degraded aquatic, terrestrial ecosystems
39
Q

negative environmental impacts of tourism

A
  • pollution
  • depletion of natural rescources
  • depletion of wildlife habitats
40
Q

how does tourism bring about conservation of natural environment?

A
  • govt., locals clean environment to attract tourists to visist
  • Tourism revenue used to fund protection of aquatic + terrestrial ecosystems
41
Q

How is tourism revenue used to fund protection of aquatic, terrestial ecosystems

A
  • establish restriction to development for protected areas
  • employ staff to care for areas
  • set up educational programmes for tourist
42
Q

how does tourism lead to restoration of degraded aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems?

A

aquatic, terrestial sites tourist attraction -> motivation to stop, reverse degradation to ecosystems

43
Q

2 types of pollution caused by tourism

A
  • greenhouse emissions
    -no or not enough sewage facilities/improper waste disposal
44
Q

how does tourism lead to greenhouse emissions? what are the consequences?

A
  • travel by air,sea,land -> fossil fuels
  • air-con

lead to
far-spreading (from origin) air pollution
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide -> asthma

45
Q

how does tourism lead to damn a lot of waste? (3 formulas) what are the consequences?

A
  • tourist + no/not enough proper waste disposal system
  • tourist + untreated sewage
  • tourist + no treatment facilities

consequences
- environmental degradation

environmental degradation: water, air, land pollution e.g. basically opposite of regulating ecosystem services

46
Q

how does tourism lead to depletion of natural rescources?

A
  • overuse of natural rescources
  • harm people, terrastrial + aquatic ecosystems
47
Q

how does tourism lead to threats to wildlife habitats?

A
  • construction of tourist facilities -> encroach on natural areas
  • tourist trample on plant/make noise -> disturb

Geography (12 decks)

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