GIEL 3 Flashcards
Keywords
similarity btwn craft research qn, hypothesis
- formed, start GI
- topic, thesis, credible sources
Thesis
Someone’s idea, that could be formed from their opinion. Could also be theory
what is a research qn? when is it used? what are its characteristics?
Research Qn outlines specific scope, related topic
- when little research
- relationship btwn variables not sure
- inquisitive nature
- many possible conclusion
what is a hypothesis? when is it used? what are its characteristics?
Measureable Statement, 1-2 variable
- used when large amt research
- relationship btwn variable certain
- predictive, nature
- fixed conclusion
qualitative vs quantiative data
Quantitative
- measured
- closed ended survey resp.
Qualitative
- subjective, nature
- open-ended qn, semi-structure interview
Primary, Secondary is another classification of data
which order, qualitative, quantitative data shld be collect first?
quant first, qual later
identify -> examine trends
qual first, quant later
make observations -> validate
what take into consideration adjust scope, fieldwork
- research aims
- study area
- limitations
limitations of fieldwork
Anywhere
- quantity can collect
- language barrier
- time, manpower availible
- access, places
- availibility, equipment
Outdoor
- weather conditions
risks, hazards of fieldworking
- minor injuries
- traffic accidents
how to mitigate risk of minor injuries?
- wear proper footwear, clothing
- take note potential hazards
how mitigate traffic accidents risk
- take note local traffic hazards, road crossing
- avoid collect data, road/ cyclist path
what is sampling? reasonable size for sampling
- select proportion population fieldwork
- make generalisations
- 30
categorise samplings in probability, non-probability categories
prob
“random” samplings
non prob
convienience, quota
how carry out probability sampling
- random select sample, w/o conscious decision
- RNG
why carry out probability sampling?
- remove selection bias
- greater chance, create representative sample
how carry out non probability sampling?
- select sample w/ conscious decision
- subjective selects sample
limitation of non probability sampling
- selection bias
- unlikely representative, subjective, hard, generalisations
i.e. if they select family members only
when carry out non probability sampling?
- conduct interview
- test questionnaire
- time limitation
- exploratory research
whenever testing for subj. data
simple random steps
simple random
1. assign every member, population 1 no.
2. RNG, select
strat random, quota steps
strat random
1. select sample, proportionate, population, based on (category)
2. RNG
quota
1. same
2. take first few/researcher select
i.e.
600 people
strat random
60 people, select 10 random people based on RNG
quota
60 people, select first 10 ppl/researcher select 10 ppl
questionaire surveys for wat? + fill in blank: collect ___ data
- investigate opinions, ppl, series qns
- quantitative
2 types qns questionnaire survey (closed ended)
- predefined responses
- rating scales
2 ways collect predefined responses
- MCQ
- write actual value
advantages of predefined responses
- guides participants, ezier ans
- ezier analyse, interpret
- examine trends
3 rating scales
- likert
- frequency
- ranking
likert vs frequency vs ranking
likert:
- predefine, range resp, anchored 2 extreme opposing position
frequency:
- based on no. occurences
ranking
- compare items, one another
- <10 items, reliable data
mental maps what for
- ppl experience, think visual, spatial abt env.
- interrelationships
how 2 conduct mental map method?
- blank paper, draw features, map
- base map, add details, label perceptions
assesses what they feel know think abt place
advantages, disadvantages free form mental map/base map?
free form
- more representative interrelationships
base map mental map
- ezier georeferenced
how can mental maps be used in interview?
semi-structured interview conduct,
find out more, mappers perception
how to process analyse closed ended questionnaire survey?
- measure frequency
- central tendency
measures of frequency
- tally total no
- count percentages
measures of central tendency
- mean
- median
- mode
mean advantage disadvantage
adv: include every value, data set
disadv: outliers skew
median advantage disadvantage
adv: less affected outliers
disadv: less sensitive, mean, showing center, data
median nvr consider all values, less sensitive
mode adv disadv
adv: not affected by outlier
disadv: continuous data, multiple modes
Process qualitative data, semi structured interview mental map done tgt
mental map
- vs real map
- where features added
- representation of memories
semi structured interview
- how memories, described
aspects mental map
- centering, borders
- scale map elements
- labelling
- colour legend symbol
- perspective, orientation
centering borders analysis mental map
- features center, attention
- center = important
- position
bolded = dont necessarily represent reality
scale map elements analysis mental map
- familarity, activity, space
- larger = familiar, frequent
- scale
bolded = dont necessarily represent reality
labelling analysis mental map
- annotation, familarity
- choice of words, emotions, pos/neg, knowledge
colours legends symbols analysis mental map
- colours different places, emotions
- legend explain symbol
- memories
- important
perspective, orientation mental map
- aerial view, large area, less detail
- street view vice versa
- experiences
what do paths show in mental map
- familiar route
e.g. question drafted out in relation to mental map
- y certain feature left out
how observe if theres relationship btwn 2 variable
- scatter plot
- recognise geometric shape, cluster, repetition
scatter plot features
scatter plot
- independant, dependant variable
- best fit line
- outliers
recognisable geometric shapes, clusters, repetition, how to analyse
- analyse difference, similarities
- frequency -> popularity of features?
define map
representation, real-world spatial info, symbols
how dots lines polygons used in map
- dots, discrete features
- symbols, roads, continuous
- polygons, boundaries
4 features of map and y they exist
Legends
- explain symbol
orientation
- usual aligned “N” compass arrow
title
- map content
scale
- source data
bar graph for wat
- present, compare data, distinct categories
pie chart for wat
- show percentage, proportional, categorical data
line graph for wat
- show trend over time
- continuous data
how 2 present photographical data?
- satelite, aerial (spatial distribution area/phenomena)
- ground lvl (detailed part)
how present data
- bar graph
- pie chart
- line graph
- photographs
- color coded quotation
- word cloud
color coded quotation i.e. from interview
challenges text based data presentation, how mitigate them
challenge
1. lose sight what reading
2. difficult recognise most impt. parts
soln
3. colour-coded quotation, present findings, analyse data
4. word cloud, present impt. parts, bolder, bigger = more mention, important
