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Geography > GIEL 3 > Flashcards

GIEL 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

similarity btwn craft research qn, hypothesis

A
  • formed, start GI
  • topic, thesis, credible sources

Thesis
Someone’s idea, that could be formed from their opinion. Could also be theory

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1
Q

what is a research qn? when is it used? what are its characteristics?

A

Research Qn outlines specific scope, related topic
- when little research
- relationship btwn variables not sure
- inquisitive nature
- many possible conclusion

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2
Q

what is a hypothesis? when is it used? what are its characteristics?

A

Measureable Statement, 1-2 variable
- used when large amt research
- relationship btwn variable certain
- predictive, nature
- fixed conclusion

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3
Q

qualitative vs quantiative data

A

Quantitative
- measured
- closed ended survey resp.

Qualitative
- subjective, nature
- open-ended qn, semi-structure interview

Primary, Secondary is another classification of data

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4
Q

which order, qualitative, quantitative data shld be collect first?

A

quant first, qual later
identify -> examine trends

qual first, quant later
make observations -> validate

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5
Q

what take into consideration adjust scope, fieldwork

A
  • research aims
  • study area
  • limitations
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6
Q

limitations of fieldwork

A

Anywhere
- quantity can collect
- language barrier
- time, manpower availible
- access, places
- availibility, equipment

Outdoor
- weather conditions

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7
Q

risks, hazards of fieldworking

A
  • minor injuries
  • traffic accidents
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8
Q

how to mitigate risk of minor injuries?

A
  • wear proper footwear, clothing
  • take note potential hazards
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9
Q

how mitigate traffic accidents risk

A
  • take note local traffic hazards, road crossing
  • avoid collect data, road/ cyclist path
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10
Q

what is sampling? reasonable size for sampling

A
  • select proportion population fieldwork
  • make generalisations
  • 30
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11
Q

categorise samplings in probability, non-probability categories

A

prob
“random” samplings

non prob
convienience, quota

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12
Q

how carry out probability sampling

A
  • random select sample, w/o conscious decision
  • RNG
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13
Q

why carry out probability sampling?

A
  • remove selection bias
  • greater chance, create representative sample
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14
Q

how carry out non probability sampling?

A
  • select sample w/ conscious decision
  • subjective selects sample
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15
Q

limitation of non probability sampling

A
  • selection bias
  • unlikely representative, subjective, hard, generalisations

i.e. if they select family members only

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16
Q

when carry out non probability sampling?

A
  • conduct interview
  • test questionnaire
  • time limitation
  • exploratory research

whenever testing for subj. data

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17
Q

simple random steps

A

simple random
1. assign every member, population 1 no.
2. RNG, select

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18
Q

strat random, quota steps

A

strat random
1. select sample, proportionate, population, based on (category)
2. RNG

quota
1. same
2. take first few/researcher select

i.e.

600 people

strat random
60 people, select 10 random people based on RNG

quota
60 people, select first 10 ppl/researcher select 10 ppl

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19
Q

questionaire surveys for wat? + fill in blank: collect ___ data

A
  • investigate opinions, ppl, series qns
  • quantitative
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20
Q

2 types qns questionnaire survey (closed ended)

A
  • predefined responses
  • rating scales
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21
Q

2 ways collect predefined responses

A
  • MCQ
  • write actual value
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22
Q

advantages of predefined responses

A
  • guides participants, ezier ans
  • ezier analyse, interpret
  • examine trends
23
Q

3 rating scales

A
  • likert
  • frequency
  • ranking
24
Q

likert vs frequency vs ranking

A

likert:
- predefine, range resp, anchored 2 extreme opposing position

frequency:
- based on no. occurences

ranking
- compare items, one another
- <10 items, reliable data

25
Q

mental maps what for

A
  • ppl experience, think visual, spatial abt env.
  • interrelationships
26
Q

how 2 conduct mental map method?

A
  • blank paper, draw features, map
  • base map, add details, label perceptions

assesses what they feel know think abt place

27
Q

advantages, disadvantages free form mental map/base map?

A

free form
- more representative interrelationships
base map mental map
- ezier georeferenced

28
Q

how can mental maps be used in interview?

A

semi-structured interview conduct,
find out more, mappers perception

29
Q

how to process analyse closed ended questionnaire survey?

A
  • measure frequency
  • central tendency
30
Q

measures of frequency

A
  • tally total no
  • count percentages
31
Q

measures of central tendency

A
  • mean
  • median
  • mode
32
Q

mean advantage disadvantage

A

adv: include every value, data set
disadv: outliers skew

33
Q

median advantage disadvantage

A

adv: less affected outliers
disadv: less sensitive, mean, showing center, data

median nvr consider all values, less sensitive

34
Q

mode adv disadv

A

adv: not affected by outlier
disadv: continuous data, multiple modes

35
Q

Process qualitative data, semi structured interview mental map done tgt

A

mental map
- vs real map
- where features added
- representation of memories

semi structured interview
- how memories, described

36
Q

aspects mental map

A
  • centering, borders
  • scale map elements
  • labelling
  • colour legend symbol
  • perspective, orientation
37
Q

centering borders analysis mental map

A
  • features center, attention
  • center = important
  • position

bolded = dont necessarily represent reality

38
Q

scale map elements analysis mental map

A
  • familarity, activity, space
  • larger = familiar, frequent
  • scale

bolded = dont necessarily represent reality

39
Q

labelling analysis mental map

A
  • annotation, familarity
  • choice of words, emotions, pos/neg, knowledge
40
Q

colours legends symbols analysis mental map

A
  • colours different places, emotions
  • legend explain symbol
  • memories
  • important
41
Q

perspective, orientation mental map

A
  • aerial view, large area, less detail
  • street view vice versa
  • experiences
42
Q

what do paths show in mental map

A
  • familiar route
43
Q

e.g. question drafted out in relation to mental map

A
  • y certain feature left out
44
Q

how observe if theres relationship btwn 2 variable

A
  • scatter plot
  • recognise geometric shape, cluster, repetition
45
Q

scatter plot features

A

scatter plot
- independant, dependant variable
- best fit line
- outliers

46
Q

recognisable geometric shapes, clusters, repetition, how to analyse

A
  • analyse difference, similarities
  • frequency -> popularity of features?
47
Q

define map

A

representation, real-world spatial info, symbols

48
Q

how dots lines polygons used in map

A
  • dots, discrete features
  • symbols, roads, continuous
  • polygons, boundaries
49
Q

4 features of map and y they exist

A

Legends
- explain symbol
orientation
- usual aligned “N” compass arrow
title
- map content
scale
- source data

50
Q

bar graph for wat

A
  • present, compare data, distinct categories
51
Q

pie chart for wat

A
  • show percentage, proportional, categorical data
52
Q

line graph for wat

A
  • show trend over time
  • continuous data
53
Q

how 2 present photographical data?

A
  • satelite, aerial (spatial distribution area/phenomena)
  • ground lvl (detailed part)
54
Q

how present data

A
  • bar graph
  • pie chart
  • line graph
  • photographs
  • color coded quotation
  • word cloud

color coded quotation i.e. from interview

55
Q

challenges text based data presentation, how mitigate them

A

challenge
1. lose sight what reading
2. difficult recognise most impt. parts

soln
3. colour-coded quotation, present findings, analyse data
4. word cloud, present impt. parts, bolder, bigger = more mention, important

Geography (12 decks)

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