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GIEL 3 Flashcards

Keywords

1
Q

similarity btwn craft research qn, hypothesis

A
  • formed, start GI
  • topic, thesis, credible sources

Thesis
Someone’s idea, that could be formed from their opinion. Could also be theory

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1
Q

what is a research qn? when is it used? what are its characteristics?

A

Research Qn outlines specific scope, related topic
- when little research
- relationship btwn variables not sure
- inquisitive nature
- many possible conclusion

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2
Q

what is a hypothesis? when is it used? what are its characteristics?

A

Measureable Statement, 1-2 variable
- used when large amt research
- relationship btwn variable certain
- predictive, nature
- fixed conclusion

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3
Q

qualitative vs quantiative data

A

Quantitative
- measured
- closed ended survey resp.

Qualitative
- subjective, nature
- open-ended qn, semi-structure interview

Primary, Secondary is another classification of data

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4
Q

which order, qualitative, quantitative data shld be collect first?

A

quant first, qual later
identify -> examine trends

qual first, quant later
make observations -> validate

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5
Q

what take into consideration adjust scope, fieldwork

A
  • research aims
  • study area
  • limitations
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6
Q

limitations of fieldwork

A

Anywhere
- quantity can collect
- language barrier
- time, manpower availible
- access, places
- availibility, equipment

Outdoor
- weather conditions

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7
Q

risks, hazards of fieldworking

A
  • minor injuries
  • traffic accidents
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8
Q

how to mitigate risk of minor injuries?

A
  • wear proper footwear, clothing
  • take note potential hazards
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9
Q

how mitigate traffic accidents risk

A
  • take note local traffic hazards, road crossing
  • avoid collect data, road/ cyclist path
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10
Q

what is sampling? reasonable size for sampling

A
  • select proportion population fieldwork
  • make generalisations
  • 30
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11
Q

categorise samplings in probability, non-probability categories

A

prob
“random” samplings

non prob
convienience, quota

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12
Q

how carry out probability sampling

A
  • random select sample, w/o conscious decision
  • RNG
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13
Q

why carry out probability sampling?

A
  • remove selection bias
  • greater chance, create representative sample
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14
Q

how carry out non probability sampling?

A
  • select sample w/ conscious decision
  • subjective selects sample
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15
Q

limitation of non probability sampling

A
  • selection bias
  • unlikely representative, subjective, hard, generalisations

i.e. if they select family members only

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16
Q

when carry out non probability sampling?

A
  • conduct interview
  • test questionnaire
  • time limitation
  • exploratory research

whenever testing for subj. data

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17
Q

simple random steps

A

simple random
1. assign every member, population 1 no.
2. RNG, select

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18
Q

strat random, quota steps

A

strat random
1. select sample, proportionate, population, based on (category)
2. RNG

quota
1. same
2. take first few/researcher select

i.e.

600 people

strat random
60 people, select 10 random people based on RNG

quota
60 people, select first 10 ppl/researcher select 10 ppl

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19
Q

questionaire surveys for wat? + fill in blank: collect ___ data

A
  • investigate opinions, ppl, series qns
  • quantitative
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20
Q

2 types qns questionnaire survey (closed ended)

A
  • predefined responses
  • rating scales
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21
Q

2 ways collect predefined responses

A
  • MCQ
  • write actual value
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22
Q

advantages of predefined responses

A
  • guides participants, ezier ans
  • ezier analyse, interpret
  • examine trends
23
Q

3 rating scales

A
  • likert
  • frequency
  • ranking
24
likert vs frequency vs ranking
likert: - predefine, range resp, anchored 2 extreme opposing position frequency: - based on no. occurences ranking - compare items, one another - <10 items, reliable data
25
mental maps what for
- ppl experience, think visual, spatial abt env. - interrelationships
26
how 2 conduct mental map method?
- blank paper, draw features, map - base map, add details, label perceptions ## Footnote assesses what they feel know think abt place
27
advantages, disadvantages free form mental map/base map?
**free form** - more representative interrelationships **base map mental map** - ezier georeferenced
28
how can mental maps be used in interview?
semi-structured interview conduct, find out more, mappers perception
29
how to process analyse closed ended questionnaire survey?
- measure frequency - central tendency
30
measures of frequency
- tally total no - count percentages
31
measures of central tendency
- mean - median - mode
32
mean advantage disadvantage
adv: include every value, data set disadv: outliers skew
33
median advantage disadvantage
**adv:** less affected outliers **disadv:** less sensitive, mean, showing center, data ## Footnote **median** nvr consider all values, less sensitive
34
mode adv disadv
adv: not affected by outlier disadv: continuous data, multiple modes
35
Process qualitative data, **semi structured interview mental map done tgt**
**mental map** - vs real map - where features added - representation of memories **semi structured interview** - how memories, described
36
aspects mental map
- centering, borders - scale map elements - labelling - colour legend symbol - perspective, orientation
37
centering borders analysis mental map
- features center, attention - center = important - **position** ## Footnote bolded = dont necessarily represent reality
38
scale map elements analysis mental map
- familarity, activity, space - larger = familiar, frequent - **scale** ## Footnote bolded = dont necessarily represent reality
39
labelling analysis mental map
- annotation, familarity - choice of words, emotions, pos/neg, knowledge
40
colours legends symbols analysis mental map
- colours different places, emotions - legend explain symbol - memories - important
41
perspective, orientation mental map
- aerial view, large area, less detail - street view vice versa - experiences
42
what do paths show in mental map
- familiar route
43
e.g. question drafted out in relation to mental map
- y certain feature left out
44
how observe if theres relationship btwn 2 variable
- scatter plot - recognise geometric shape, cluster, repetition
45
scatter plot features
**scatter plot** - independant, dependant variable - best fit line - outliers
46
recognisable geometric shapes, clusters, repetition, how to analyse
- analyse difference, similarities - frequency -> popularity of features?
47
define map
representation, real-world spatial info, symbols
48
how dots lines polygons used in map
- dots, discrete features - symbols, roads, continuous - polygons, boundaries
49
4 features of map and y they exist
**Legends** - explain symbol **orientation** - usual aligned "N" compass arrow **title** - map content **scale** - source data
50
bar graph for wat
- present, compare data, distinct categories
51
pie chart for wat
- show percentage, proportional, categorical data
52
line graph for wat
- show trend over time - continuous data
53
how 2 present photographical data?
- satelite, aerial (spatial distribution area/phenomena) - ground lvl (detailed part)
54
how present data
- bar graph - pie chart - line graph - photographs - color coded quotation - word cloud ## Footnote color coded quotation i.e. from interview
55
challenges text based data presentation, how mitigate them
**challenge** 1. lose sight what reading 2. difficult recognise most impt. parts **soln** 3. colour-coded quotation, present findings, analyse data 4. word cloud, present impt. parts, bolder, bigger = more mention, important

Geography (17 decks)

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