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Tourism 1 Flashcards

Logic Memorisation - Examples Included

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1
Q

What is a tourist?

A

Person make trip outside his/her usual environment

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2
Q

What are tourists classified into?

(in terms of their travelling destination)

A

Domestic: travel within own country
International: outside own country

Domestic Travel = MRT rando travelling
International Travel = Travelling overseas like the 黄山

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3
Q

Who comes from Tourist Generating Region?

A

Tourist Generating Region: tourists come from, tour operators operate

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4
Q

Tourism system consists of one route that links the two regions, which are?

A

Transit Routes

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5
Q

Why are tourists attracted to Destination Regions?

A

Attractions Facilities Ammenities

Cater, needs, tourists

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6
Q

What may it include? (For the tourists’ c______, or a___ e____)

What is a transit route?

A
  • Route, bring tourists generating -> destination region
  • May include stopovers, attractions, convienience

THINK ABOUT IT
Because these attractions exist, thats why there are more stations for people to access the attractions conviniently

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7
Q

What are the 3 components of tourism for? Do they affect each other?

A

Destination regions, Generation areas, transit routes

ppl travel generation areas -> destination regions via transit routes

interconnected, affect each other

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8
Q

How does the availability of transit routes influence travel between regions?

A

increase amt. + availibility transit routes, increase vol. travel btwn regions

THINK ABOUT IT
Less ppl will want to go to an ulu place difficult to go to vs a place that can be easily accessed by MRT

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9
Q

What do people do when there is something better than another?

Convinient and attractive transit routes causes…?

A

direction of travel change
choose more convienient transit route

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10
Q

How come got tourism one? (Pull factors)

A

Factors causing people to move to the generating regions

Pull factors:
- Scenery
- Special event (e.g. Taylor Swift Concert, AFA)
- Attractions and facilities

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11
Q

Why people tour? (Push Factors)

A

Factor Cause ppl leave generating region
Push factors:
- Stress
- Pollution

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12
Q

Tourists, businesses, organisations relationship

A

Mutually dependant

  • Tourists -> tour operators, go on tour
  • Businesses (e.g. hotel businesses) -> tourists support, tour organisations attract tourists tour at nearby area
  • Organisations -> tourists support, businesses, provide services, dest. region
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13
Q

How does tourism interact with nature negatively? (GIVE SPECIFIC EXAMPLE) (ENVIRONMENTAL)

A

Local example: When tourists litter in nature areas

Global Example: Tourism contributes to 8% of greenhouse gas emissions

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14
Q

How does tourism interact with local communities positively? (Example)

A

Tourists pay villagers -> traditional pottery -> preserve culture

esp. important w/ rise of pottery machines, that make traditional pottery obsolete

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15
Q

How does tourism interact with the global economy positively? (ECONOMICAL)

A

> $US 4 Trillion to global econ.

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16
Q

Tourism growth 3 main categories - What are the subpoints for each category?

A

Motivation to Travel
- pushpull factors
- Relaxation
- Personal growth, self fulfilment
- unique travel experiences

Ability to Travel
- increase disposable income
- increase leisure time
- lower cost (transport + accomodation)

Mobility in Travel
- expansion of public transport (services + Infastructure)
- introduction of new modes of travel
- Increase private car ownership

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17
Q

Why is there a need to relax? Why do they choose tourism to relax? (EXAMPLE)

A

LINK to push factors
need for relaxation -> stressed

Choose tourism because:
- travel to rest
- engage in tourist activities to relax

EXAMPLE:
Seeking scenery, nature -> escape normal, hectic work env.

PROOF:
Phuket, Thailand, very famous, scenic islands

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18
Q

Another alternative option for relaxation through tourism besides s___

A

Recreational activities (i.e. theme parks, destress)

bungee jumping

18 million visitors (Universal Studios Singapore)

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19
Q

Why do people choose tourism for self-growth and self-fulfilment?

A
  • learn smth new, improve skills, knowledge
  • these ppl naturally, choose tourist sites, pick up new skills

> 2 mil muslims -> Mecca -> rituals -> growth (Pilgrimage Tourism)

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20
Q

Y need for unique travel exp.? Y choose tourism?

A

Satisfy curiosity, world by explore diff. env.

Why tourism?
- Globalisation (vast transport networks connect ppl around world ez)
- Social media raise interest, unique places -> tour

PROOF
increase tourism numbers -> Antartica

**Motivation to travel, mobility to travel

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21
Q

What is globalisation (Tourism)?

A

Tourism develop international influence.

(i.e. more transit routes, transport infastructure)

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22
Q

Are tourists motivated to travel to fulfill one need only?

A

No,
It could be a mix of the three

e.g. Pilgrimage Travel, 2mil Muslims -> mecca -> rituals

e.g. Antartica tourism increase

e.g. Seeking out respite in nature/going, theme parks, bungee jumping, coaster rides

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23
Q

Will tourists only participate in one activity at one destination?

A

No.
- One dest. area, multiple needs
- They participate in diff. activities, meet motiv. -> travel

E.g.
travelling, Saudi Arabia
- >2 tril Muslims, pilgrimage, rituals
- scenic spots

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24
Q

What is an ability to travel?

A

Conditions that allows an individual to travel.

LINK
Can be domestic or international travel

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25
Q

Examples of stuff that affects ability to travel

A
  1. Increase in disposable income, leisure time
  2. Decrease in costs (accomodation, transport)
    - Business innovations

i.e. competitive pricing

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26
Q

How does tourism impact economy negatively?

A
  • Overdependance on tourism
  • Seasonal unemployment
  • econ leakage

e.g. ski resort during summer
e.g. 2: natural disaster hit, tourism decrease (Carribean Islands)

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27
Q

How does tourism impact environment positively?

A
  • Increased understanding and appreciation of the environment
  • Contributing to conserving the environment

EXAMPLE:
Beach cleanups

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28
Q

How does tourism negatively impact socially?

A
  • Outside cultures -> original culture lost/ altered over time (Culture Dilution)

i.e. other tourist bring their own culture, food way of life

LINK
SS: One of the negative impacts of living in diverse society: Cultural dilution

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29
Q

How does increase in disposable incomes lead to an increase in the ability to travel?

A

More ppl have means, spend on tourism

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30
Q

Increase in disposable income leading to increase in ability to travel example

A

China -> GDP quadrupled
9 Milllion Departures

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31
Q

What is an increase in leisure time? 2 examples of what counts as leisure time

A

Increase time ppl free work responsibility
- Paid leave
- Short work week

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32
Q

How does increase in leisure time lead to increase in ability to travel?

A

Increase time free from work responsibilities -> Increase ability to travel

33
Q

What are business innovations in the tourism-related industry

A

Inventions, value for money tour exp./ cheapen

  • Tour pack (Competitive pricing, buy goods, services in bulk)
  • Klook, similar web
  • Fuel-efficient plane
  • AirBnb
34
Q

How does business innovations in the tourism-related industry lead to increased ability to travel?

A
  1. Tour packages
    Cheaper
  2. Klook, compare diff. package easy
35
Q

What is 1 example of lower transport costs in tourism?

A

during tourism transport low cost

Air transport
budget airlines
- offer air tickets at lower prices, increase affordable

36
Q

*Technically also a business innovation, just saying.

How do budget airlines lower their costs?

A

Using fuel efficient planes

37
Q

What is lower accomodation costs? What is one example of lower accomodation costs that is technically also a business innovation?

A

during tourism, low cost need find place stay

EXAMPLE
AirBnb
- Rent properties -> tourist
- Caters -> different budgets, low accomodation cost
- connect renters -> tourists
- 2mil ppl stays in AirBnb everyday (2019)

38
Q

What is mobility in travel?

A

Increased ability -> move easily, conviniently (dest. region)

  1. Expansion, public transport services, infastructure
  2. increase no. travel routes
  3. Increase in private car ownership
39
Q

How does expansion in public transport services and infastructure affect the growth of tourism?

A
  • Increases connectivity within, between country
  • Tourists travel -> more places, shorter times

Increase public transport services
Increase mobility in travel
Increase tourism

40
Q

What is economic leakage?

A

Where the money spent in tourism, “leaked out” of circulation local economy -> global economy

41
Q

EXAMPLE of expansion in public transport services and infastructrure

A

Changi Airport Terminal 4
- More flights
- Faster travel to places in Asia to, from Singapore

42
Q

What are new modes of travel? What causes new modes of travel to be invented?

A

Rapid development of transportation technology

43
Q

think about airplane, how it made travelling easier compare rickshaws

How does new modes of travel affect the growth of tourism?

A
  • Tourists can travel faster, further, easier thru land sea air
44
Q

example of a new mode of travel affecting growth of tourism, and why? how?

A

Commercial air travel (airplanes) -> faster than train -> growth tourism

45
Q

Why does increased private car ownership lead to growth of tourism?

A
  • families, ppl travel quickly, conviniently
  • More freedom, no., customise destinations -> visits
  • BOOSTS DOMESTIC TOURISM

obviously, a car cant travel thru 2 countries (usually)

46
Q

Tourist destination region development stages

A
  1. Exploration
  2. Involvement
  3. Development
  4. Consolidation
  5. Stagnation
  6. Decline
  7. Rejuvenation
    (See txtbk Page 16 for the graph)
47
Q

What happens as the stages of tourism development happens?

A

Comments:
- Key features and number of tourist arrivals evolve

  • Grows in popularity when investors, tourists and tour operators move to the destination region
  • Over time, the popularity will decline
  • Destination can regain popularity if measures are taken to rejuvinate the place
48
Q

Do all destinations go through the 6 stages of tourism development exactly as it is?

A

No.
- Some destinations skip some stages
- Generally follow this trend of the 6 stages of tourist development

49
Q

Describe the number of tourist arrivals in the exploration stage

A
  • Small number of venturers
  • Irregular visits
50
Q

Describe the tourists’ contributions to the local economy in exploration stage

A
  • minimal
51
Q

involvement?

Describe the features and facilities of destination in the exploration stage

A
  • natural + cultural untouched attractions
  • very little facilities

THINK ABOUT IT
no one is involved coz’ this is the first stage with no involvement

52
Q

In Examples of Destinations, State:

Destination in Where

Example of a destination in the exploration stage

A

Jaco Island in Timor Leste

53
Q

Describe the tourists arrivals in the involvement stage

A
  • better publicity
  • varies, diff times of year
  • peak, non-peak times develop

THINK ABOUT IT
Involvement = advertising; publicizing the destination, not really developing much attractions in the large scale yet

54
Q

Describe the tourists’ contributions to the local economy in the involvement stage

A
  • Increases from the exploration stage
55
Q

involvement?

Involvement stage features, facilities, who involved?

A
  • Rise goods, services, facilities
  • Amenities, facilities locals request, local authorities build maintain
56
Q

In Examples of Destinations, State:

Destination in Where

Example of a destination in the involvement stage

A

Kuang Si Waterfalls in Laos
- Authorities invested money to improve faciltiies in waterfall

57
Q

Describe the tourist arrivals in the development stage

A
  • Increases rapidly/quickly/very quickly

THINK ABOUT IT
At this stage, there are significantly more developments and involvement is much more than the previous stage

LINK
Increase
- Mobility to travel (e.g. More transport infastructure built around the area)
- Ability to travel (e.g. Business innovations lowering transport costs)
- Motivation to travel (e.g. more development of theme parks in the area leads to people being attracted to go to the area because of the need for unique travel experiences)

58
Q

Describe the tourists’ contribution to the local economy in the development stage

A
  • Significant/Huge contribution

LINK
lots tourist -> more ppl employ -> company grows -> more attracted

59
Q

Describe the features and facilities of the destination in the development stage

A
  • Rapid Increase attractions facilities, entertainment industry build attractions, cater tourists

Businessalso increase

60
Q

Describe the tourist arrivals in the consolidation stage

A

Slow down in growth
Arrivals > local population

Arrivals:
- total annual arrivals are almost at the peak at this point, so just like in a mountain, increments slow down before the peak

61
Q

Describe the tourists’ contributions to the local economy in consolidation stage

A
  • Significant contributions
    employments in tourism industry
  • Tourism industry dominates local economy
62
Q

Describes the features of destination in the consolidation stage

A
  • Slowing down in number attractions facilities built
  • Majority hotels owned multinational companies

THINK ABOUT IT
Multinational companies can support a huge demand, as they have a lot of funds, while small companies have insufficient funds and manpower to support the huge amount of tourists that wish to get a slot in the hotels (coz hotels need services)

63
Q

Describe the tourist arrivals in stagnation stage

A
  • Peaks/stagnates
  • Exceed carrying capacity, -> negative effects

At this point, it is the max number of tourists (the peak of the mountain, in the mountain analogy)

What goes up, must come down.

64
Q

Describe the tourists’ contributions to the local economy in the stagnation stage

A
  • Starts to stagnate

May still be quite a sum, but growth is basically bye bye at this pt

65
Q

Describe the features of destination in the stagnation stage

A
  • Tourists start feel location nothing new offer
  • Less $$, maintainance facilities
  • Facilities older, run down
  • Local businesses no $$, close down

with tourists leaving, demand falls, while supply (competition w/ big business) is a lot.

66
Q

Tourist arrivals in decline stage

A

no steps taken rejuvinate,
decline significantly

decline may not occur for all destinations

67
Q

Describe tourist contributions to the local economy in decline stage?

A

decline significantly

decline may not occur for all destinations

68
Q

Describe features of a destination in decline stage.

A
  • less money available maintain, improve facilities
  • old, worn down facilities -> less tourist
  • local businesses affect, close -> negative impact, economy, livelihood

decline may not occur for all destinations

69
Q

describe tourist arrivals in rejuvination stage

A
  • more attractive again
  • more new attractions, facilities
  • re-branding

rejuvenation may not occur for all destinations

70
Q

describe features of destination in rejuvination stage

A

funding:
- redevelop AFA -> more attractive
- rebranding, advertisement

rejuvenation may not occur for all destinations

71
Q

definition of dependables

A

try to make their daily lives predictable

72
Q

definition of venturers

A

reach out, explore the world in all it’s diversity

73
Q

what are both extreme ends of the spectrum of personality characteristics in Tourism?

A
  • dependables
  • venturers
74
Q

Dependables VS Venturers in spending money

A

Dependables
- more cautious
Venturers
- more readily

75
Q

Dependables VS Venturers source of influence in making travel decisions

A

Dependables
- guide, authority figures
- travel trends -> influencers/Venturers

Venturers
- rely less, authority figures
- Personal Judgment

76
Q

Dependables preference of travel activities

A

Dependables
- structure, comfort, familarity
- travel, groups
- popular, well-developed, familiar AFA
- more likely return prev. visit place
- prefer mass tourism (predictable)

77
Q

Venturers preference for travel activities

A

Venturers
- spontaneous, diversity
- travel alone
- less-developed, unique places, participate in new activities
- willing compromise familarity, comfort
- set travel trends
- visit new places
- own travel plans/niche tourism

78
Q

how do personality characteristics influence travel patterns?

A
  • preference, patterns
  • certain attraction only certain areas
79
Q

How personality characteristics influence development of destination

A

develop -> attract personality characteristics
- Dynamic, everchanging
- intial destination have attractions
- Venturer set trend
- Dependables follow
-more AFA -> cater, increase dependables

Geography (12 decks)

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