Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geography > Tectonics 3 > Flashcards

Tectonics 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are disaster risks? What are its cause?

A
  • potential damage to properties, injuries, loss of lives in (given period of time)

cause: interaction btwn tectonic hazard, vulnerability of ppl, exposure to hazard

LINK
factors determining how bad the risk is
1. type of tectonic hazard
2. vulnerability of ppl
3. exposure

given period of time, disaster dosent just disappear. Will have ash fallout, may trigger floods, may trigger fires lahars e.g.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

factors that determine characteristics of tectonic disaster risks

A
  1. type of tectonic hazard
  2. vulnerability of ppl
  3. exposure

e.g. Tohuku
Possible disaster risk: coastline

Type of tectonic hazard: tsunami
Vulnerability of ppl: Moderate, people taught how to evacuate tsunami
Exposure: Sendai coastline, very high as buildings near coastline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is tectonic disaster risk management?

A

plans and actions put in place
- prevent b4
- reduce during
- manage after

disaster

(prevent/reduce/manage) disaster risk (before/during/after disaster)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is disaster risk prevented b4 disaster?

A
  • hazard-resistant buildings
  • no collapse easily (building resist hazard)

Taipei 101

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how is disaster risk reduced during disaster?

A
  • tsunami, earthquake warning systems
  • timely evacuation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how is disaster risk managed after disaster?

A
  • insurance coverage
  • financial payout aft. disaster
  • quicker recovery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why d__ r__ m__ strengthen resilience of country against tectonic hazard?

A

disaster risk managment -> country resist, adapt, recover, timely, efficient manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

environmental consequences of disaster risks that happen (vague example)

A

landslide
- debris bury huge areas, forest
- flooding, kill aquatic life

disaster risks VS tectonic hazards
Tectonic Hazards + Vulnerability + Exposure = Disaster Risks

Explanation
Disaster Risks is what may happen during and after a disaster.

Reduced risk from disaster risk managment

Increased risk when ppl are more vulnerable (unprepared) and more exposed(e.g. Sendai is near Coast ppl hit badly in tsunami)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

social consequences of disaster risk that happen

A

debris
- destroy houses, homeless -> temporary housing -> lack sanitation, bad QoL

debris -> block river -> floods
- contaminate clean, drinking water
- psychological trauma -> lose homes, loved ones, threat of physical harm, losing lives

Debris
- physical (injuries, deaths, homeless)
- mental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

economic consequences of disaster risk that happen

A

landslides (debris)
- social services byebye (no facilities, rescource)
- destroy homes, properties
- costly repair, buy
- unable do jobs (farmer no clean water, irrigation)
- business lose income
- govt. spend money repair facilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is development of countries hindered by tectonic risks that happen?

A
  • less economic growth, tourism, infastructure damage.
  • govt. spend money repair facilities -> less development -> less invest education, less poverty reduced
  • developing countries worst affect
  • ppl poor, QoL drop (no jobs, social services, faciltiies)

LINK
Tourists don’t come because of unforseen circumstances
- natural disasters (dangerous, infastructure DMG)

Indian Ocean Tsunami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why important reduce disaster risk (disaster-prone developing country)

A
  • severe social, economic, env. impact
  • developing countries worst affect, lack rescources, skills -> prevent, reduce, manage disaster risks
  • hinder development

Haiti Vs Tohuku

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how shld developing countries reduce disaster risk?

A
  • cost-effectively invest -> disaster risk managment (costs smaller than when disaster happen w/o disaster risk managment)

Haiti VS Chile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is exposed to disaster risks during a disaster?

A
  • infastructure, belongings, people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nature of hazard

A

i.e. duration of shaking, time of shaking

IS NOT:
- distance from epicenter/focus depth: Those are exposure
- quality of building design/evacuation skills: Those are vulnerable conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define prevailing wind

A

wind blowing, dominant wind direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

define vulnerable conditions

A

conditions increasing likeliness of ppl, belongings, infastructure -> hazards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

nature of hazard earthquake vs volcanic eruption

A

earthquake
- duration, time of shaking
volcano
- chemical comp. of magma

non exhaustive, this is jst txtbk example

another e.g.: Mw of earthquake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vulnerable conditions earthquake vs volcanic eruption

A

earthquake
- quality, building design
- soil, rock properties

volcanic eruption
- availibility of groundwater -> lahars
- prevailing wind conditions -> tephra travel further

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

exposure earthquake vs volcanic eruption

A

earthquake
- population density
- distance from epicentre

volcanic eruption
- presence -> infastructure, ppl

21
Q

nature of hazard (earthquake)

how duration of shaking -> disaster risks -> damage done?

A

longer ground shaking -> more disaster risks -> more likely building collapse, ppl trapped

Tohuku Earthquake

earthquake
- duration, time of shaking

22
Q

nature of hazard (earthquake)

how does time of shaking -> disaster risks -> damage done?

A

time of day, activities carried out diff. -> night, sleeping (disaster risk) -> unable evacuate quick -> ppl trapped

Kobe, Japan earthquake

earthquake
- duration, time of shaking

23
Q

v__ conditions (earthquake)

how does q__, b__ d__ -> d__ r__ -> v__ c___

A

quality, building design -> disaster risks -> vulnerable conditions
- poorer quality design (disaster risk) -> more vulnerable collapse

  • ppl trap -> injuries, deaths

earthquake
- quality, building design
- soil, rock properties

24
Q

v__ conditions (earthquake)

3 characteristics of poor quality building design

A
  • poorly built, rigid low quality materials
  • dont follow building codes
  • lack earthquake-resistant features (i.e. cross bracing)
25
building codes are set by...?
authorities
26
# what does it cause? s__ l__ and a__ s__ w__ how does s__, r__ p__ contribute to extent of disaster risks?
**soil, rock properties** - worsen/cause, earthquake hazards **soil liquefaction** - buildings **tip over, sink liquefied soil** -> ppl trapped -> injuries, deaths **seismic waves hard rock -> soft soil, slow down, amplified** - more intense shaking -> more building collapse - **compact** solid rock -> less intense shaking ## Footnote **Port-Au Prince, Haiti Earthquake** **clarify** saturated soil = soil w/ lots of water content
27
softer the soil, ___ the disaster risk
softer the soil, higher the disaster risk
28
# exposure (earthquake) how does p__ d___ affect exposure of people, belongings, infastructure
- number of ppl/unit of area - higher population density, more exposed - more injuries, deaths ## Footnote **earthquake** - population density - distance from epicentre **Papua New Guinea vs Great Sichuan Earthquake**
29
# exposure (earthquake) how does d__ f__ e__ affect exposure of people, belonging infastructure
- nearer to city, greater no. exposed - city nearer = less energy of seismic waves absorbed -> **rocks** b4 reach city - **violent** shaking, building collapse, injuries, deaths ## Footnote **Port Au Prince vs Papua New Guinea** **earthquake** - population density - distance from epicentre
30
# nature of hazard (volcano) how does c__ c__ of m__ affect volcanic eruption
- chem. composition -> viscosity -> effusive/explosive eruption ## Footnote **Kiluea VS Merapi** **volcano** chemical comp. of magma
31
# vulnerability of hazard (volcano) how does a__ of s__, g___ affect vulnerability?
- greater availibility groundwater -> lahars - vulnerability people, properties increased - injuries, deaths
32
sources of large quantities of water that cause lahars
rapid melting, snow, ice (volcano summit) groundwater released -> cracks, lines of weaknesses rivers, lakes heavy rainfall ## Footnote **Mt Pinatubo**
33
how p__ w__ c__ affect vulnerability to volcanic eruption?
- distribution of ashfall, tephra - larger area ashfall, more vulnerability - heavier, larger particles deposited near volcano - finer ash particles -> thousands km away ## Footnote i.e. Human settlements Volcano Forest Prevailing wind: Left = human settlements most affected Prevailing wind: Right = wildlife most affected **Mt Pinatubo**
34
how does the d__ of f__ a__ p__ a__ p__?
- people -> health, respiratory problem - weight (accumulated ash) cause properties roof collapse - destroy farmland ## Footnote - availibility of groundwater -> lahars - prevailing wind conditions -> tephra **travel further** **Mt Pinatubo**
35
# exposure (volcano) how does p__ -> i___, p__ affect disaster risks
**presence -> infastructure ppl** - near volcano, exposed ## Footnote - presence -> infastructure, ppl **LINK** ppl still live near volcano cuz 1. Farming w/ fertile soil 2. Extract precious materials, fossil fuel 3. Harness geothermal energy 4. Tourism **Mt Sinabung**
36
define community resilience
- ability, community timely manner resist, adapt, recover -> disaster impacts
37
define land use planning
organising, regulating land use, development in area
38
define disaster recovery
- restoring, improving livelihoods, health of ppl affected by disaster ## Footnote include: environmental activities, belongings
39
4 strategies build community resilience | correspond: vulnerability, exposure, prepardness
less... 1. vulnerability, **hazard resistant building design** 2. vulnerability, **monitoring, warning system** 3. exposure **land use planning** more... 4 prepardness **disaster response, recovery**
40
how does l__ u__ p__ reduce e___
**rough idea** - control, minimise development -> high-risk area - less potential deaths **how achieve** - hazard maps, past earthquake data -> risk areas -> suggest lvls of risk (likelihood/extent disaster occurence) - strict guidelines ## Footnote **2011 Tohuku Earthquake** **LINK** 4 strat. increase community resilience less... 1. vulnerability, **hazard resistant building design** 2. vulnerability, **monitoring, warning system** 3. exposure **land use planning** more... 4 prepardness **disaster response, recovery**
41
how does h___ r__ b__ d___ reduce v___?
**hazard resistant building design reduce vulnerability** withstand groundshaking - shock absorbers/dampers -> buildings -> absorb vibrations - reinforcing buildings -> diagonal crossbraces -> retain shape - building no sway too much -> no collapse ## Footnote **Taipei 101** **LINK** 4 strat. increase community resilience less... 1. vulnerability, **hazard resistant building design** 2. vulnerability, **monitoring, warning system** 3. exposure **land use planning** more... 4 prepardness **disaster response, recovery**
42
how does m__, w__ s__ reduce v___?
- **set** devices, detect seismic waves, ground deform, predict, warn potential hazard - timely evacuation - i.e. Early Earthquake Warning System ## Footnote **2011 Tohuku Earthquake** 4 strat. increase community resilience less... 1. vulnerability, **hazard resistant building design** 2. vulnerability, **monitoring, warning system** 3. exposure **land use planning** more... 4 prepardness **disaster response, recovery**
43
What is EEWS for?
**early earthquake warning systems** **BEFORE** - set devices, detect seismic waves - alert ppl b4 disaster - critical save lives **DURING** - authorities, ppl respond, evacuate fast **DURING/AFTER** - aid directed -> high risk areas (most needed) ## Footnote **2011 Tohuku Earthquake** 4 strat. increase community resilience less... 1. vulnerability, **hazard resistant building design** 2. vulnerability, **monitoring, warning system** 3. exposure **land use planning** more... 4 prepardness **disaster response, recovery**
44
why must p___ d___ r__, r__?
**prepardness disaster response, recovery** - build comm. resilience - avoid dangers -> tectonic hazards ## Footnote 4 strat. increase community resilience less... 1. vulnerability, **hazard resistant building design** 2. vulnerability, **monitoring, warning system** 3. exposure **land use planning** more... 4 prepardness **disaster response, recovery**
45
3 strategies to increase p__ d__ r__, r___
**preparedness disaster response, recovery** - education, raise public awareness, hazard - first-aid training - conduct evacuation drills ## Footnote 4 strat. increase community resilience less... 1. vulnerability, **hazard resistant building design** 2. vulnerability, **monitoring, warning system** 3. exposure **land use planning** more... 4 prepardness **disaster response, recovery**
46
how does e__, r__ p__ a__, h__ lead to p___ d__ r__, r___
**education, raise public awareness, hazard -> preparedness disaster response, recovery** -provide ppl -> knowledge, how respond hazards - i.e. seal door, window (**eruption**) ## Footnote 3 strategies to increase **preparedness disaster response, recovery** - education, raise public awareness, hazard - first-aid training - conduct evacuation drills **Preparedness disaster response, recovery** -> 4 strategies to increase community resilience
47
how does f__-a__ t__ lead to p__ d__ r__ r__?
**first-aid training -> preparedness disaster response, recovery** - ppl can administer, basic first aid -> mobile, evacuate if need ## Footnote 3 strategies to increase **preparedness disaster response, recovery** - education, raise public awareness, hazard - first-aid training - conduct evacuation drills
48
how does c__ e__ d__ increase p___, d___ r___ r___
**conducting evacuation drills -> preparedness, disaster response, recovery** - familar evacuation procedures, routes -> less trapped - familiar avoid areas downwind, volcano (ash) - tsunami evacuation, inundation routes ## Footnote 3 strategies to increase **preparedness disaster response, recovery** - education, raise public awareness, hazard - first-aid training - conduct evacuation drills **2011 Tohuku Earthquake**

Geography (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions