Singapore 1 Flashcards
size and elevation of land of SG
- small landmass
- limited natural resources
- low-lying island, <15m above sea lvl
- Tallest Point Bukit Timah Hill
purposes of Sg’s land
- Residential: accessible schools, parks amongst other amenities -> high QoL
- Industrial: Oil refineries
- Military: Pulau Tekong, training, extensive land reclamation
- Recreation: Sentosa, 19mil visitors, Universal Studios
63 offshore islands
climate of SG
tropical equatorial
1. consistent high temp, precipitation
2. 31-33 deg celc (highest daily temp)
3. heavy rain, accompanied by thunder
4. 167 days, rained
Monsoons of Singapore at every year
Northeast Monsoon: Nov-March
Highest Rainfall (Winds travel -> South China Sea)
Southwest Monsoon: June-Sept
Lesser Rainfall (Winds travel away from Sumatra)
ecosystems in SG characteristics
- land-based, coastal ecosystems
- many ecosystems within small area 3. high species diversity, complex interactions
- Parks and Trees Act conserve SG 4 nature reserves
dominant land-based ecosystem in SG characteristics
tropical rainforest
1. species, structural diversity
2. continuous canopy cover
3. lianas as common vegetation
4. covered, leaf litter, little light -> ground
what are the 4 natural reserves?
- bukit timah
- central catchment
- Sungei Buloh
- Labrador Nature
SG coastal ecosystems
-
intertidal areas (i.e. East Coast Park sandy beach -> Sand Bubbler Crabs habitat)
- exposed 2 air twice a day, semi-diurnal tides
- rocky shores, sandy beaches -
mangroves (i.e. Sungei Buloh, 100 hectares)
- wetland type
- protect coastlines, storm damage
- food source -> fish -
coral reefs
- 250 species, hard corals
- 200 species sponges
SG economic characteristics
- diversified economy
- nvr rely on any 1 sector
- manufacturing, svc economy twin pillars, high value-added econ.
manufacturing: products from raw materials
service: svc -> Other business
Sg social characteristics
- open, globalised
- attract many immigrants, strategic geographic location
- diverse CMIO ethnicities
- diff countries
- densely populate
- 7688person/sqkm
- singaporeans well-connected to world, avid users, tech
sg political characteristics
- defined territory, recognised, other countries
- participate international organisations, equal footing, other countries
- active contributor, global initiatives
- i.e. ASEAN
how is sg vulnerable?
- limited resources
- changing demographics
- outside shocks
- global challenges
Sg challenge
l___ r___
- hard, sustainable urban dev.
- land use planners, cannot cater all needs
- juggle competing demands, past, future ppl - resource insecurity
- outside shocks, global challenges pose risks
- food insecurity: 90% food imported, dependant
- water insecurity
Threats -> SG due to limited resources
elaborate on water insecurity situation in sg
- 4 taps: local catchment, desalination, NEWater, import
- double demand over yrs
- land constraints, difficult build reserviors
- most major estuaries, alr dammed -> reservior
Sg challenge
C__ I__ D__
Change in Demographics
1. Birth Rate Decrease
- decrease birth rate over past decades, later marriages, childbearing
- reliant, ppl other countries -> manpower
- ageing population
- increase life expectancy, low fertility rate
- resources -> aged - diverse population
- migrants, international students, e.g. diverse population
- disputes, differences - labor shortages
- SG small population
- lack foreign worker, talent -> companies cannot fill job pos. -> less competitive economy - economic slowdown
- heavy involvement, international trade
- vulnerable fluctuations global demand
- long recovery time bcoz,
- labor shortage, ageing population, lesser resources, local workers -> economic recovery
- businesses disinterested SG due 2 this
sg challenge
g__ c___
global challenges -> SG highly globalised, involved, trade
1. economic uncertainities
- record fiscal deficits globally
- lower investment, ppl distrust govt. manage funds
- geopolitical tensions, countries
- social uncertainties
- social make-up change -> social inequality
- tech change -> pressure, elderly - env uncertainties
- climate change
- collective efforts, countries -> not enf, sg consequences
how sg survive national crises?
- expertise, financial wealth, social unity
- ministries work tgt, strengthen responsiveness
how sg adapt as low lying island, small land mass
- import sand, Indonesia -> Cambodia, increase land size
- strengthen coastal protection, stormwater management
how sg adapt as resource limted country
- import food
- diversify countries, import
- reduce dependance - grow local
- disruptions, global supply -> critical - grow overseas
- local companies -> expand, grow overseas
- overcome land constraints
how sg wanna thrive
3 aspects, sustainability
- sustainable env
- net zero, 2050
- prudent resource management
- urban planning process, env sust.
- clean air, water - high quality, life
- revitalise recreational space
- shared sense of identity - competitive economy
- employment, economic security
- sg thriving city, economy -> investors, businesses
investors are attracted when there is sufficient manpower
